Anxiety, Episiotomy Wound, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Acupressure, episiotomy, primiparous
Brief summary
This study was conducted to determine the effects of acupressure applied during episiotomy repair on pain and anxiety levels of the primiparous. The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with 126 pregnant women (63 women in the acupressure group and 63 women in the control) who applied to a maternity hospital between June and December 2023. Acupressure was applied to the acupressure group twice (during internal suturing and skin suturing) by the researcher during the episiotomy repair. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used a total of four times, before and after the intervention, to assess the pain scores of the participants, while the Spielberger Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used after the second intervention to determine the anxiety levels of the participants.
Detailed description
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the effects of acupressure applied during episiotomy repair on pain and anxiety levels of the primiparous. Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with 126 pregnant women (63 women in the acupressure group and 63 women in the control) who applied to a maternity hospital between June and December 2023. Acupressure was applied to the acupressure group twice (during internal suturing and skin suturing) by the researcher during the episiotomy repair. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used a total of four times, before and after the intervention, to assess the pain scores of the participants, while the Spielberger Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used after the second intervention to determine the anxiety levels of the participants.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALACUPRESSURE APPLI ACUPRESSURE APPLICATION
Pre-test data were collected from participants who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study by researcher BI in the LDP rooms during the latency period of labor. Post-test data were obtained by the same researcher 16 hours after the cesarean section. Data were obtained using the Personal Information Form, Episiotomy Evaluation Form (EEF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Spielberger Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Sponsors
Esra SABANCI BARANSEL
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being 18 or older, * having a single healthy newborn, * Giving spontaneous birth through a medio-lateral episiotomy incision, * No signs of infection such as vaginal redness or swelling, * Women with full and healthy tissue integrity in the area where acupressure will be applied.
Exclusion criteria
* The need to use unusual lidocaine during episiotomy repair (lidocaine 2% higher than 5 ml), * having any postpartum complications (such as bleeding, hypertension).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VAS | Change inbreastfeeding self-efficacy levels at 6 weeks change in pain after acupressure | The VAS was used to assess the pain severity of the incision site. The VAS is a scale created in the range of 0-100 mm. According to the scale, a score of 0 mm indicates that the pain is not severe at all, and a score of 100 mm indicates that the pain is extremely severe |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| STAI | Change inbreastfeeding self-efficacy levels at 6 weeks change in anxiety after acupressure | STAI was developed by Spielberger et al. (1970) to measure state and trait anxiety levels, and its adaptation, validity, and reliability study was conducted by Öner and Le Compte (1983) for the Turkish society. The STAI is a 20-item inventory, and a high score indicates that the individual has a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates that the anxiety level is low. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 20, and the highest score is 80. This scale, which is a 4-point Likert-type scale, is graded as Not at All, A Little, A Lot, and Extremely. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed