Typhoid Fever
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this project is to adapt the gold nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology to clinical application. In this exploratory study a measurement protocol will be established to subsequently investigate whether SERS allows to diagnose patients infected with typhoid fever as well as to stage the disease.
Detailed description
This study on the clinical application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is composed of two parts. First, a SERS measurement protocol will be developed to enhance the interactions between gold nanoparticles and the components of the patients samples, maximizing Raman spectroscopical signatures. Given the complex composition of human blood, which encompasses numerous biological constituents, the study focuses on serum, a component obtained through centrifugation after the removal of cells and clotting factors. Fifteen spectra will be recorded per sample. The raw spectra will be post-processed, including removal of the substrate signal, baseline correction, vector normalization, and smoothing steps. The SERS measurement protocol established in the first section will subsequently be applied to samples of healthy and typhoid fever patients. The samples from infected patients will be confirmed with the Widal test. Multivariate data analysis will be performed to identify distinctive feature characteristics in the samples that correlate to their group (healthy and infected patients), allowing patient diagnosis, as well as the severity of the infection.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTSurface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
The Raman spectra of patient samples will be measured in the presence of gold nanoparticles, which will enhance the spectroscopic characteristics of serum components via near-field enhancements.
Sponsors
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Nishtar Medical University
University Hospital, Aachen
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
Spectroscopic assessment of serum samples from healthy and typhoid fever patients to identify characteristics for diagnosis and staging.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Patient at Nishtar Medical University * The age range of the patients was from 18 to 70 years * Confirmed disease with the Widal test (for typhoid fever groups)
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with severe concurrent diseases were excluded from the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SERS measurements to differentiate between healthy and typhoid fever patients | Through study competition, up to 1 year | SERS assessment of healthy and typhoid fever patient samples to identify unique spectroscopical characteristics to discriminate between healthy and typhoid fever patients |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SERS measurements to stage typhoid fever patients | Through study competition, up to 1 year | SERS assessment of early-stage and consolidated-stage typhoid fever patient samples to identify unique spectroscopical characteristics to stage the infection. |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed