Adaptation, Aging, Older People, Psychology, Psychosocial Factors, Retirement
Conditions
Brief summary
Background: The transition to retirement can be a challenging event, necessitating the adjustment of new routines, roles and expectations. Such modifications have the potential to impact the individual's quality of life and psychosocial well-being. t is of the utmost importance to develop intervention programmes that prepare people for retirement, with the objective of facilitating a positive and healthy transition. Methods: A parallel randomised controlled clinical trial with two arms will be conducted. The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Salamanca (USAL) in Spain. The study will recruit individuals aged 60 years or older who are already retired or who will retire within the next five years. The participants will be divided into two groups: the intervention group (IG), which will undergo a comprehensive psychoeducational intervention programme, and the control group (CG), which will engage in a controlled follow-up. The programme will comprise 12 sessions over a period of three months. All participants will be assessed at the outset and conclusion of the study, as well as after three months, during which time data regarding their socio-demographic characteristics and responses to the following scales will be collected: The World Health Organization Quality of Life Measure - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), the Retirement Attitudes Scale (EAJ), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Questionnaire of Stereotypes towards Old Age (CENVE), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the MOS Questionnaire of Perceived Social Support (MOS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (EAG) and the Self-Regulation Scale (EAR). Discussion: The objective of this study is to enhance the comprehension and implementation of intervention programmes in anticipation of retirement and the subsequent phase of life. To this end, a comprehensive psychoeducational intervention is proposed, with the aim of improving quality of life and attitudes towards retirement, increasing life satisfaction, psychological flexibility, perceived social support and general health, self-efficacy and self-regulation, and reducing stereotypes about ageing. The programme is designed to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge to navigate the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to retirement.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALPsychoeducational Programme
The objective of this type of programme is to equip individuals with the knowledge and skills required to navigate the challenges and capitalise on the opportunities presented by retirement. In particular, the programme strives to enhance the quality of life and attitudes towards retirement, elevate levels of life satisfaction, psychological flexibility, perceived social support and general health, self-efficacy and self-regulation, and mitigate stereotypes associated with ageing.
BEHAVIORALEducation Programme
At the end of the baseline assessment, participants will receive instructions and recommendations to facilitate a positive and healthy transition to retirement, as part of an education programme. These will focus on the benefits of an active lifestyle and general guidelines to follow.
Sponsors
University of Salamanca
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The work of sequencing, randomisation, recruitment and allocation of the trial sample will be carried out by research staff who are not involved in the assessments or interventions of each group, thus avoiding any potential bias in the trial. Participants will also be blinded and will not know which group they have been allocated to and therefore which intervention they will receive. In order to minimise any contamination between groups, the assessment process will be carried out by external research staff who will perform the measurements and who have been previously trained and educated to avoid subjective bias in the process, as they will be unaware of the intervention group to which they have been assigned, thus masking the blinded assessment by third parties in the clinical trial. In addition, the researchers responsible for the statistical analysis of the trial will be blinded in order to increase the rigour of the trial process and thus the scientific quality.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Be retired or nearing retirement (within 5 years) * Be 60 years of age or older * Voluntarily sign the consent form to participate * Complete the initial assessment
Exclusion criteria
* No evidence of literacy difficulties or a significant deficit in language comprehension * Not meet any of the inclusion criteria.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization Quality of Life Measure - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Quality of life. The range of scores is from 26 to 100 points. The higher the score, the better the quality of life. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Satisfaction with life. The range of scores is from 5 to 25 points. A higher score indicates that the person is generally satisfied with his/her life. |
| Questionnaire of Stereotypes towards Old Age (CENVE) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Stereotypes about ageing. The range of score is from 5 to 20 points. High scores indicate a high degree of belief in negative stereotypes of ageing. |
| The acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Psychological inflexibility. The range of score is from 7 to 49 points. High scores indicate more psychological inflexibility. |
| Retirement Attitudes Scale (EAJ) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Attitudes towards retirement. The range of scores is from 20 to 140 points. The final scores indicate more negative attitudes the higher the value obtained. |
| Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Perceived general health. The overall scores range from 0 to 36 points. Higher scores correspond to a higher level of perceived health. |
| Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (EAG) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Self-efficacy. Scores range from 10 to 40 points. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy. |
| Self-Regulation Scale (EAR) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Self-regulation. Scores range from 7 to 35 points. Higher scores on the scale indicate a greater ability to control attention in the pursuit of goals, while lower scores may suggest difficulties in maintaining focus and attention to goals. |
| MOS Questionnaire of Perceived Social Support (MOS) | Baseline; up to 24 weeks; 3 months follow up | Perceived social support. The overall scores range from 20 to 100 points. The higher the score, the more social support the individual perceives. |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed