Gender Bias, Morality, Physical Restraint
Conditions
Keywords
physical restraint, emergency department, biological sex, long-term mortality
Brief summary
The worldwide population is ageing. Biological sex is first and foremost a genetic modifier of disease. To prevent self-arm many techniques can be used in older patients. Among them coercive measure consisting of physical restraint (PR) is one of the techniques. This study aims to assess the effects of the biological sex on the long-term survival after PR in geriatric patients during the initial emergency department (ED) visit. This retrospective study included patients between November 2019 to March 2021. All consecutive hospitalized patients after emergency department visit older than 75 years with PR were included. The population was compared according to the biological sex. One-year all-cause mortality was plotted with the Kaplan-Meier curve. Hazard ratios (HRs) for 1-year mortality were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Mortality was monitored over a 3-year period.
Interventions
OTHERthe was no intervention
there was no intervention in this observational study
Sponsors
Beaujon Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
75 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* All consecutive older patients ≥ 75-year-old hospitalized to the observation unit or to the ward from the ED * If physical restraint were mentioned in medical records
Exclusion criteria
* if patients were less than 75 years old * Without physical restraint * Not hospitalized * If a patient was admitted more than once, only the first episode was taken as index admission
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| one year mortaliy | ONE year |
Countries
France
Outcome results
None listed