Anxiety Management, Blood Donation, Pain Management, Virtual Reality
Conditions
Keywords
Pain, Anxiety, Phlebotomy, Blood Donation, Virtual Reality
Brief summary
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of watching a cold environment image via virtual reality on pain and anxiety related to phlebotomy procedure in volunteer blood donors. Methods: The study was conducted between June 2019 and December 2019 with 120 healthy individuals who applied for blood donation for the first time in Northern Turkey. Individuals included in the study were assigned to intervention, placebo and control groups with 40 people in each group by block randomization method. During the phlebotomy procedure, the intervention group watched a cold environment image via virtual reality, the placebo group watched a hot environment image, and the control group received standard application. Descriptive Characteristics Form, Visual Comparison Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and The CONSORT checklist were used to collect data.
Interventions
OTHERgroup watching hot environment image
In this study, Sony playstation VR (Virtual Reality) glasses with LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen with OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) technology and 1080P resolution integrated on the device were used. These glasses work integrated with the processor box. The processor box, which provides communication with the Sony playstation VR glasses, can also be connected to the computer with HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) output. Within the scope of the study, the licensed Peaceful mountain snow image was shown. This image includes a cold winter day. Following the completion of every VR session, the removable face pad was replaced and the goggles and headsets were wiped down with alcohol-based sanitary wipes. Preventing infection via the sharing of the technology was a paramount issue with the study patients.
OTHERgroup watching cold environment image
In this study, Sony playstation VR (Virtual Reality) glasses with LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen with OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) technology and 1080P resolution integrated on the device were used. These glasses work integrated with the processor box. The processor box, which provides communication with the Sony playstation VR glasses, can also be connected to the computer with HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) output. Within the scope of the study, the licensed Deep space relaxation image was shown. This image contains a hot environment image with explosions in space.Following the completion of every VR session, the removable face pad was replaced and the goggles and headsets were wiped down with alcohol-based sanitary wipes. Preventing infection via the sharing of the technology was a paramount issue with the study patients.
Sponsors
Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being in accordance with time and place * Being aged between 18 and 35 years * Being able to evaluate the visual analog scale correctly * Participating voluntarily in the research. * Being willing to donate blood * Donating blood for the first time * Have a body mass index within normal limits (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) * Have no vision or hearing problems * Have no disease that may affect pain perception * Have no vertigo, heart or lung disease * Have no signs of infection, dermatitis, phlebitis, scar tissue or incision in the area where invasive intervention will be performed * Have no psychiatric disease * Being able to accurately assess the state and trait anxiety inventory with the VAS * Have an average pressure pain threshold value of 8-16 Lb obtained from three measurements taken at 5-second intervals from the elbow region of the left upper extremity where no intervention was performed * Have no vertigo, heart or lung disease * Have no signs of infection, dermatitis, phlebitis, scar tissue or incision in the area where invasive intervention will be performed * Have no psychiatric disease * Being able to accurately assess the state and trait anxiety inventory with the VAS * Have an average pressure pain threshold value of 8-16 pounds (Lb) obtained from three measurements taken at 5-second intervals from the elbow region of the left upper extremity where no intervention was performed
Exclusion criteria
* Not participating voluntarily in the research * Not fitting the inclusion criteria of the research * Having a vision or hearing problem * Failure of phlebotomy at the first attempt * Development of syncope after phlebotomy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pain intensity in cm | 6 months | The VAS is a 100 mm (10 cm) ruler that can be used horizontally or vertically. The value of 0 at the starting level defines painlessness, and the value of 10 at the ending level defines the most severe pain. The individual marks the intensity of pain they experience on this scale. In this study, the score measurements were determined in centimeters (cm) on the VAS prepared vertically to determine the intensity of pain experienced by individuals during phlebotomy application.individuals.during the procedure. One end indicated lack of pain and the other the most.Pain intensity was evaluated in centimeters.severe pain possible. Pain severity was evaluated in millimeters. |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score | 6 months | The inventory is in the form of a 4-point Likert scale, and the items in the State and Trait Anxiety Subscales are marked according to the degree of severity of the emotions and behaviors. There are ten items in the State Anxiety Scale and seven items in the Trait Anxiety Scale that contain reversed statements. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| weight in kilograms | 6 months | Body mass index normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) |
| Pressure pain threshold | 6 months | The average value of the pressure pain threshold, which is defined as the point of pain.from three measurements taken at 5-second intervals from the elbow region of the left upper extremity where no intervention was performedperception and can vary from person to person, is between 8-16 Lb |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed