Virtual Reality
Conditions
Keywords
Virtual reality, trauma, simulation-based education, resuscitation
Brief summary
This study individual training with an immersive virtual reality Trauma Simulator was compared to live mannequin-based simulation training in a facilitated group. The results showed that virtual reality simulator led to non-inferior effects on trauma resuscitation skills to mannequin-based simulation. Trauma Simulator had good usability, was well received by the participants, and had minimal adverse effects.
Detailed description
Background: Despite its high potential, the effect of immersive virtual reality simulation (VRS) in trauma resuscitation training has not been studied. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that VRS is non-inferior to mannequin-based simulation (MBS) in trauma resuscitation training. Methods: In a single-center, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, we compared individual training with an immersive virtual reality Trauma Simulator to live MBS training in a facilitated group. The primary outcome was the Trauma Score (ranging from 55 (worse) to 177 (best outcome)) during the MBS assessment. The secondary outcomes were the Trauma Score VRS assessment, System Usability Scale (ranging from 0 (worse) -100 (best outcome)), and Simulation Sickness Questionnaire (ranging from 0 (worse) to 235.62 (best outcome)).
Interventions
OTHERTeaching of trauma resuscitation by using virtual reality simulation
The intervention was teaching of trauma resuscitation by using VRS. Following welcome and a video lecture by Advance Trauma Life Support certified physician, the intervention group participants were orientated (15 minutes) to the VRS environment, head-mounted display (Oculus Rift S or Oculus Quest, Oculus, USA) and hand controllers by playing game First Steps (Oculus, USA). Then the participants were training by using the Internal Hemorrhage scenario in Trauma Simulator.
OTHERTeaching of trauma resuscitation by using mannequin based simulation
Volunteers were trained in groups of three or four by using mannequin-based rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation facilitated by a critical care physician. Next, the volunteers had 50 min training of the same trauma scenario as the intervention group. The simulation facility was set-up as close as possible to the virtual reality environment.
Sponsors
Riga Stradins University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
All assessments of the student performances were recorded either by video camera (mannequin based simulation) or screen capture (virtual reality simulation). All videos were assessed by two blinded raters independently. In order to maintain consistency, virtual reality recordings were also scored manually by the raters, instead of the automated Trauma Simulator built-in tool. The video data were stored for the reviews and deleted afterwards.
Intervention model description
This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, simulation-based trial comparing the use of virtual reality simulation vs. mannequin based simulation in a simulated trauma scenario.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
fluency in English.
Exclusion criteria
history of motion sickness
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trauma Score | Within a Day | The primary outcome of the study is Trauma Score (range 55 (worst) to 177(best outcome) during an individual assessment in a mannequin-based simulation environment. The assessment was based on the video recordings analyzing students during performing in the scenario. The Trauma Score is an assessment tool developed by military emergency medicine experts for the Trauma Simulator. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trauma Score in VRS | Within a VR session (less than 10minutes per person) | Trauma Score in the VRS environment served as a secondary outcome. System Usability Scale: a 10-item questionnaire (range 0-100, where 0 is the worst, 100 the best performance) was used to assess usability of Trauma Simulator. |
| Pre- and Post-Surveys | Within a Day | The students will receive pre and post surveys. The surveys are structured to evaluate students' experience before and after the training. As a reference, the evaluation tools are made, based on Bangor et al., 2009. A custom, six-question survey (5-point Likert scale) was used to assess the perception of Virtual Reality simulation before and after the study. Presence of cybersickness was evaluated by using Simulation Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).15 SSQ assesses 16 symptoms of motion sickness in three domains: nausea (7 symptoms), disorientation (7 symptoms), and oculomotor effects (7 symptoms). Each symptom is self-reported as none (0), slight (1), moderate (2), and severe (3). Total Severity score is calculated as the sum of individual symptom scores in each domain multiplied by 3.74 in accordance with Kennedy et al. (1993), thus the final score ranges from 0 (worst) to 235.62 (best outcome). |
Countries
Latvia
Outcome results
None listed