Work-Related Stress
Conditions
Keywords
Mental health issue, Work-related illness, Loss of career progression
Brief summary
Mental health problems are rising among children and adolescents. This may not only impact the child's level of daily functioning but also close family members. Informal caregiving is defined as unpaid care for a sick, disabled, or other closely related person. Providing long-term informal care has been associated with detrimental stress-related outcomes, and being simultaneously active in the labor market has been highlighted as an increased burden for the caregiver. Workplaces are poorly suited for dealing with private stressors despite their potential negative consequences for the caregiver's job status and health. There is a need for improving understanding of how long-term informal caregiving impacts job and health outcomes, as well as for measures minimizing potential negative consequences among at-risk occupational groups.
Detailed description
This Danish nationwide observational cohort study examines the associations between employees being a primary informal caregiver for a child or adolescent with mental health problems and the employees' occupational and health outcomes. In addition, we seek to identify modifying psychosocial risk factors at work as well as at-risk occupational groups. The study relies on pre-existing longitudinal data extracted from Danish national registers, including highly reliable information on occupational status, birth information, residence, public transfer payments, income, psychiatric treatment and services, treatment for substance abuse, psychotropic prescription drugs redeemed, as well as background information. In Denmark, all citizens are assigned with a unique identification number enabling merging of national register data included. Caregiver-child relationships are established based on merging of data from birth and household registers. In this study, register data are further merged with information on psychosocial work environment based on national survey data. All data are located at Statistics Denmark, and accessed and analyzed via a logged, secured platform, The Danish Occupational Cohort (DOC\*X) (www.DOC-X.dk). Exposed employees are compared to a reference group of employees without mental health problems at the familiy level matched according to age group, gender (female/male), and socio-occupational status.
Interventions
OTHERPrimary informal caregiver at work.
Employees becoming a primary informal caregiver for a child or an adolescent with mental health problems in the period from 2000 to 2018.
Sponsors
Bispebjerg Hospital
Herlev and Gentofte Hospital
HMW Health and Communication
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark
Team Working Life Denmark
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
0 Years to 67 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Children/adolescents: Citizens aged 0-25 years in the period between 2000 and 2018. Mental disorder is indicated by redeeming of psychotropic medication, treatment for substance abuse, and psychiatric services. Children of reference adult caregivers is defined by having no personal history of a mental disorder. We exclude children born outside of Denmark. * Adults: Citizens aged 18-67 years residing in Denmark, partaking in the work force in the period between 2000-2008, and living with a child in the household at any time until the child's 18th year or being a parent to a child at its birth.
Exclusion criteria
* We exclude all citizens born in the Faroe Islands and in Greenland. We exclude all citizens residing in the Faroe Islands and in Greenland in the period between 2000 and 2018.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Personal gross income (Level of analysis: primary informal caregiver) | Up to 10 years of follow-up. | Personal gross income is analyzed as series of annual statuses. |
| Employment (Level of analysis: primary informal caregiver). | Up to 10 years of follow-up. | Employment is analyzed as series of annual statuses (i.e., number of weeks employed within each year during follow-up). |
| Long-term sickness absence (Level of analysis: primary informal caregiver). | Up to 10 years of follow-up. | Long-term sickness absence is analyzed as time-to-event from baseline on the week scale. |
| Mental health (Level of analysis: primary informal caregiver). | Up to 10 years of follow-up. | Mental health is analyzed as time-to-event from baseline on the week scale whichever comes first: redeemed psychotropic drug prescriptions, treatment for substance abuse or psychiatric hospital services. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Moderation of potential associations by psychosocial work environment (Level of analysis: primary informal caregiver) | JEMs were composed of national survey data collected in 2000 and 2005. | Moderation of potential association by psychosocial work environment is based on age- and sex-specific job-exposure matrices (JEM). |
| Moderation of potential associations by occupational group (Level of analysis: primary informal caregiver). | Annual data in the period between 2000 and 2018. | Moderation by occupational group is based on DISCO-88 codes (International Standard Classification of Occupation, Danish version 1988). |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed