Diabetes
Conditions
Brief summary
The investigators plan to conduct a multi-case, multi-reader observational study with the primary objective of exploring the effects of an interpretable insulin-assisted decision-making system on physicians' (1) decision accuracy and (2) decision confidence.
Interventions
OTHERwithout AI assistance
provide insulin dosage and confidence score without AI assistance
OTHERwith AI dosage assistance
provide insulin dosage and confidence score with AI dosage assistance
OTHERwith explainable AI assistance
provide insulin dosage and confidence score with explainable AI assistance
OTHERwith faulty explainable AI assistance
provide insulin dosage and confidence score with faulty explainable AI assistance
Sponsors
Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
OTHER
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Case: Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with T2DM who were admitted to Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from 2022.12 to 2023.3. * Insulin regimen is one of the following: a. Basal regimen: once a day subcutaneous injection of long-acting or ultra-long-acting insulin; b. Premixed regimen: two/three times a day subcutaneous injection of premixed insulin; c. Basal mealtime regimen: three times a day before meals subcutaneous injection of short-acting or rapid-acting insulin, plus once a day injection of long-acting or ultra-long-acting insulin.
Exclusion criteria
\- Cases will be excluded if there is insufficient information for a valid assessment (missing data on insulin or blood glucose \>40%). Doctor Inclusion Criteria: licensed medical practitioner.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Doctors' decision-making accuracy | up to 2 months | The investigators used MAE and clinical agreement to quantitatively assess the accuracy of clinician-recommended insulin doses. 1. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) represents the error between the clinician-recommended value and the expert-recommended value (gold standard). 2. Clinical agreement: Clinical agreement is calculated as the proportion of clinically consistent insulin doses (clinician-given adjustments in the same direction as the expert's protocol and within 20% of the dose difference) to the total insulin dose. |
| Doctors' decision-making confidence | up to 2 months | Clinicians' confidence in decision-making was assessed using a 10-point Likert scale from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (completely confident). |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed