Rehabilitation
Conditions
Keywords
lung resection surgery, comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs, six-minute walk test, quality of life, biomarkers
Brief summary
The aim of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a Comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (CPRP) in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. The CPRP encompasses a training regimen combining aerobic exercise, resistance exercises, breathing exercises, and home activities, specifically tailored for patients with limited exercise capacity and impaired lung function. The study seeks to understand the physiological and biological effects of the CPRP in this patient population.
Detailed description
Background: Elderly patients with compromised lung function or poor health conditions undergoing lung resection surgery face an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs play a crucial role in enhancing recovery after surgery, having been shown to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and enhance patients' pre- and post-operative exercise capacity, functional performance, and quality of life. However, due to the heterogeneity of interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation programs, the optimal timing, methods, or duration of exercise training for lung resection patients remain unclear. Additionally, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the changes and impacts of biomarkers in the blood of lung resection patients following intervention with pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the physiological and biological effects of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program in lung resection surgery patients with limited exercise capacity and impaired lung function. Research Methods: This study adopts an open label, randomized, parallel design, intending to recruit 96 lung resection surgery participants divided into a control group receiving standard care and an experimental group receiving the comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The intervention period spans 1-2 weeks pre-surgery, during hospitalization, and 3-6 weeks post-discharge. Participants will undergo four assessments at randomization (baseline, T0), one day pre-surgery (T1), the day of discharge post-surgery (T2), and at trial completion (T3). The primary endpoint is the six-minute walk test. Secondary endpoints include lung function, lung expansion volume, respiratory muscle strength, incidence of postoperative complications and pulmonary complications, chest tube duration, length of hospital stay, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and pain. Exploratory endpoints involve inflammation-related and immune-related biomarkers. Expected Impact: This study will provide valuable insights into the physiological and biological effects of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs for lung resection surgery patients. Results may contribute to improving patient outcomes and advancing academic understanding and clinical guidelines in this field.
Interventions
OTHERStandard care
The pre-operative educational session has a duration of 40 minutes and covers pre-operative education, breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing, deep breathing techniques and sustained maximal inflation), and airway clearance techniques (directed cough, huffing, and chest physiotherapy). Patients are instructed to perform these techniques ten times per waking hour, every day. The in-patient peri-operative session incorporates intermittent positive pressure breathing inhalation (IPPB) administered for 15 minutes twice daily. Inhalation therapy involving mucolytics and bronchodilators is administered three times per day, and early mobilization is encouraged until discharge. Upon discharge, participants are encouraged to continue practicing breathing exercises, deep breathing techniques, and maintaining an active level of activity.
OTHERComprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs
1. Warm-up and cool-down exercises: stretching various muscle groups for a duration of 15 to 20 minutes and a slow 3-minute walk 2. Aerobic training: using a lower-limb cycle ergometer for a duration of 30 to 40 minutes. Initiated warm-up at 0 wattages for 5 minutes. Incrementally increased wattages within 5-10 minutes until reaching the 40-80% heart rate reserve or 4 to 6 of modified Borg scale for at least 20 minutes. Concludes with a 5-minute cool-down period at 10 wattages. 3. The resistance training involves both upper and lower limbs: （1） Upper Limb Resistance Training: Shoulder lift, abduction, and horizontal abduction exercises are performed. Each exercise is repeated for three sessions comprising 10 repetitions each. A 0.5-2 kg dumbbell is utilized for resistance. （2） Lower Limb Resistance Training: Sit-to-stand exercises are performed. Each session consists of three sets of 10 repetitions.
Sponsors
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Masking description
The blinding of patients to their treatment group allocation is unattainable owing to the inherent nature of the exercise intervention.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adults (age ≥ 20 years old) * Receiving lung resection surgery * At least one of the following: 6MWD \< 500 meters, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) drop ≥ 4% or SpO2\< 90% during 6MWT, pre-operative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 80% of predicted value or FEV1/FVC ratio ≤ 0.7 * Able to walk autonomously without mobility aids * Written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Neoadjuvant therapy with chemo- or radiotherapy in the six months prior to surgery * Received pulmonary rehabilitation programs six months prior to surgery * Previous lung resection * Inability to perform the exercise training * Instability in cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, or musculoskeletal conditions * Have cognitive deficits with potential severe impact on compliance * Do not provide written informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | Six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary function test | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | Using spirometry to measure pulmonary function parameters. |
| Respiratory muscle strength | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | Measurement of respiratory muscle strength includes maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), which assess the force exerted by muscles during maximal inspiratory and expiratory efforts, respectively. During the test, the subject sits and uses a mouthpiece connected to an electronic pressure gauge while wearing a nose clip to prevent air leakage. For MIP, the subject starts from residual volume and performs a maximal inspiratory effort. For MEP, the subject starts from total lung capacity and performs a maximal expiratory effort. The highest value from three measurements is recorded as the test result. |
| Length of hospital stay (LoS) | an average of post-surgery 2 weeks | Length of hospital stay |
| Duration of chest-tube insertion | an average of post-surgery 2 weeks | Duration of chest-tube insertion |
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3, Chinese Mandarin (Taiwan)) | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | The EORTC QLQ-C30 is designed to assess health-related quality of life in cancer patients, consisting of 30 items. It includes five functional scales: cognitive (2 items), emotional (4 items), physical (5 items), role (2 items), and social (2 items) functions. Symptom scales cover fatigue (3 items), nausea/vomiting (2 items), and pain (2 items). Single items assess appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea, sleep disturbances, and financial difficulties. Additionally, two items evaluate overall health status/quality of life. Each item is equally weighted, with scores linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale. For functional scales and overall health status/quality of life, higher scores indicate better function or quality of life, whereas higher scores on symptom scales denote more severe symptoms or problems. |
| Postoperative complications (POCs) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) | an average of post-surgery 2 weeks | Postoperative complications (POCs) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) |
| Lung expansion volume | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | measured by volume-oriented incentive spirometry |
| Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a commonly used clinical tool for assessing pain intensity, ranging from 0 to 10 to represent varying degrees of pain. It is scored from 0-10 (0 meaning no pain and 10 meaning the worst pain. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| inflammation-related and immune-related biomarkers | Baseline; one day pre-surgery; an average of post-surgery 2 weeks; through study completion, an average of 10 weeks | insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), C reactive protein (CRP), Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D), Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed