Harm Reduction, Naloxone, Opioid Overdose
Conditions
Brief summary
Vending machines are an innovative strategy shown to increase access to naloxone, a medication used to reverse opioid overdose. The aim of this proposal is to study the reach of a community-initiated, stakeholder engaged adaptation of naloxone distribution, VEnding machine Naloxone Distribution for Your community (VENDY) program.
Detailed description
This pilot assessment of the VENDY program will take place in 3 communities. Each community will have a machine (vending or kiosks) in which naloxone will be distributed for free to community members. Our preliminary work identified the locations desired by community members who use illegal drugs for machine placement. The pilot test test will include evaluation of the reach (naloxone distribution), adoption (% of sites and staff implementing), and implementation (fidelity to restocking and maintenance protocol) of VENDY in each community.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALVENDY
At least 1 machine (vending machine like a snack machine or a machine like a newspaper kiosk) will be placed in the respective community served by the participating organizations. Any person in the community can get naloxone from the machine. The vending machine will require a code that will be placed on the machine for anyone to use. The kiosks are a box that you simply pull open and naloxone can be obtained. Naloxone kits will be provided for free as part of the current naloxone distribution program within each respective organization.
Sponsors
University of Colorado, Denver
Southern Colorado Harm Reduction Association
Denver Health and Hospital Authority
Summit County Public Health
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Masking description
There will be no masking.
Intervention model description
We will be using an interrupted time series design to evaluate naloxone distribution before and after vending machine implementation in each community.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Any person in the community who desires to obtain naloxone will be able to use the machines
Exclusion criteria
* Inability to enter a code on a vending machine or open a kiosk.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Reach | the 6 months pre VENDY implementation and the 6 months post VENDY implementation | Reach will be assessed using monthly counts of naloxone distribution in the 6 months before and after VENDY implementation. Naloxone counts will include distribution from all sources within the organization and captured through pharmacy fills from the electronic health record and distribution tracking logs. Naloxone machine distribution will be added to the total monthly count in the post implementation phase and obtained using the vending machine electronic software (reporting date and time of distribution) or (for kiosks) the staff monthly refill tracking log capturing quantity of naloxone kits required to fill the machine (captured at least monthly). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adoption | At the end of program development (program development is the first phase in which each site is developing VENDY over a 6-18 month period of time) | Adoption is the percentage of sites placing a naloxone vending machine in the respective community that is made available for community members to obtain naloxone. |
| Fatal Opioid Overdose Events-Effectiveness | pre-implementation in the year prior to a live VENDY program and post implementation in the year following live VENDY program | The count of fatal opioid overdose events for each respective county in which the participating organization and vending machine reside in the year before and year after VENDY implementation. Overdose will be captured from publicly available data from death records reported by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. To address temporality we will include fatal opioid overdose deaths in a comparison community matching community features (urban/rural status, community population, and opioid death rate). |
| Fidelity-Implementation | the 6 months following VENDY implementation | Fidelity is the percentage of time staff refill and maintain the machine per protocol as measured by the vending machine software and machine activity tracking log. |
| Maintenance | the 6 months following the initial implementation phase (6 months) | Number of months each organization implementing VENDY continues to make naloxone available in the machines for the 6 months following the initial implementation phase (6 months). |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORNicole Wagner, PhD
University of Colorado, Denver
Outcome results
None listed