Urinary Tract Infections
Conditions
Brief summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant public health problem affecting more than 150 million people worldwide and causing a significant economic impact of approximately US$ 6 billion annually. It is one of the most common infectious diseases after upper respiratory tract infections. More than 50% of women and at least 12% of men will be affected by urinary tract infections in their lifetime. The probiotic supplement was delivered as easy-to-swallow capsules specifically prepared to maintain the viability and stability of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG strain throughout the research period. Participants were told to take the probiotic supplement with water to maximise absorption and efficiency, ideally after meals.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTLactobacillus rhamnosus
The probiotic supplement was delivered in the form of easy-to-swallow capsules.
OTHERControl Group
Participants in the control group were given a placebo that looked, tasted, and felt just like the probiotic pill.
Sponsors
Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbotabad
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
Randomised Controlled Trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Pregnant women aged 18-40 year * History of recurrent urinary tract infections (two or more episodes in the past year). * Singleton pregnancy.
Exclusion criteria
* Multiple gestations. * History of preterm labor. * Chronic medical conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency disorders). * Use of antibiotics or probiotics within the past month.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Urinary Detailed Report Values | second trimester of pregnancy (about 14 week's gestation) and lasted until birth, a period of roughly 26 to 28 weeks. | The test was performed to determine levels of neutrophils |
| Urine Culture | second trimester of pregnancy (about 14 week's gestation) and lasted until birth, a period of roughly 26 to 28 weeks. | Urine Culture: Urine samples were collected aseptically prior to and after intervention and cultured to detect bacterial pathogens linked with urinary tract infections. This assessment was carried out at two distinct time points: Pre-Intervention: Before beginning the probiotic intervention, baseline urine samples were taken to detect any existing bacterial illnesses and create a point of comparison. Post-Intervention: After the intervention period, individuals supplied an additional urine sample for culture investigation. This post-intervention evaluation sought to establish any changes in the prevalence of bacterial pathogens, particularly those known to cause urinary tract infection |
| Leukocytes: | second trimester of pregnancy (about 14 week's gestation) and lasted until birth, a period of roughly 26 to 28 weeks. | leukocytes in urine were evaluated |
| Nitrites: | second trimester of pregnancy (about 14 week's gestation) and lasted until birth, a period of roughly 26 to 28 weeks. | presence of nitrites in urine before and after intervention was investigated |
| pH | second trimester of pregnancy (about 14 week's gestation) and lasted until birth, a period of roughly 26 to 28 weeks. | Urinary pH values were measured |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed