Pain
Conditions
Brief summary
It is widely recognized that the use of non-pharmacological methods in neonatal pain management is low both globally and in our country. Nurses play a crucial role in managing pain through various techniques and in preventing its negative effects on newborns. Toys with sounds, lights, and different features have been found to effectively capture infants' attention. Consequently, it is anticipated that baby crib mobiles, which combine these attention-grabbing features, could serve as effective distractions during needle interventions, potentially reducing pain and stress. However, there is a lack of research on this specific application.
Detailed description
Newborns often undergo needle procedures shortly after birth, such as vitamin K injections, hepatitis B vaccinations, screenings, and routine immunizations. Depending on the baby's condition, these procedures may need to be repeated, and additional blood samples might be required. These painful procedures can cause significant stress for the newborn and may lead to neurocognitive, physiological, metabolic, and behavioral issues. Pain experienced during these procedures can negatively impact the newborn's future reactions to pain. Therefore, inadequate pain management can result in both immediate and long-term adverse effects. Organizations such as the International Neuropsychiatric Pain Group and the American Academy of Pediatrics advocate for reducing pain in infants during procedures, recommending non-pharmacological methods as the first line of management. These methods, aimed at providing analgesic effects by creating a relaxing environment, are important because they do not have side effects. Some proven non-pharmacological techniques include breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, swaddling, music therapy, oral glucose, and pacifier use. Music therapy is a widely used non-pharmacological method that helps reduce pain perception in newborns. Studies have shown its effectiveness in various settings. For instance, research with premature newborns found that music therapy during central venous catheter placement reduced physiological and behavioral reactions. Another study with 120 healthy newborns reported that having a musical baby crib mobile in vaccination rooms decreased pain levels and crying times. Other studies have similarly highlighted the positive effects of listening to or singing lullabies during painful procedures.
Interventions
OTHERThe musical and lighted baby crib mobile:
The musical and lighted baby crib mobile: It measures 43.5x33x9.5 cm and is made of plastic. It is recommended for use in infants 0-12 months. It has music that makes it easier for babies to fall asleep by reducing stress. This baby mobile has a projection and music function. In addition, the mobile has a 360° flexible swivel bracket that can be adjusted as desired. The surface of the apparatus of the mobile, which is designed to be environmentally and baby friendly, is smooth. There are four rattles on the mobile
Sponsors
Koç University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Newborns were randomly assigned groups as the musical and lighted baby crib mobile (intervention) group (40 newborns) and the control group (40 newborns) by the computer program (www.randomizer.org). Newborns of parents who did not meet the study criteria and did not agree to participate in the random selection were not included in the study. Parents and researchers could not be blinded. Newborns were included in the study by evaluating their compliance with the inclusion criteria according to the order of admission to the hospital. 10 children in the control group (5 parents did not volunteer and 5 newborns were crying) and 10 children in the intervention group (7 newborns received paracetamol and 3 newborns were crying) were excluded from the study. For this reason, the research was completed with 60 newborns.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
No minimum to 28 Days
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* born between 38-42 weeks, * being 0-28 days, * absence of visual and auditory problems, * not using any pain reliever or sedative medication in the last four hours, * parents' willingness to participate in the study, * parents' knowledge of Turkish, * parents' ability to read and write.
Exclusion criteria
* having a preterm birth, * having a disease that causes chronic pain, * having visual or auditory problems, * using any pain or sedative medication in the last four hours.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ALPS-Neo pain and stress assessment scale | immediately after the intervention | In this study, researchers used a mobile crib to help reduce pain in infants during needle procedures. Our primary outcome was the level of pain experienced by the infants. Pain was assessed using standardized pain assessment tools that are suitable for neonates. By comparing pain scores during the needle procedures, researchers aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mobile crib in reducing the infants' pain levels. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed