Mental Health Outcomes, Mindfulness, Self-Compassion
Conditions
Brief summary
This is an academic research study aiming to explore the relationships between equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes, and to examine the reliability and validity of the new measures in Hong Kong.
Detailed description
The current research aims to validate two new measures, the Equanimity Scale (ES-16) and the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S) in Hong Kong. Standard procedures of forward-backward translation of the ES-16 and SOCS-S were employed. Adults aged 18 or above will be recruited in the community to fill out a set of questionnaires two times on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, wellbeing). Relationships between these variables will be explored. To assess test-retest reliability, participants will be invited to fill out the same set of questionnaires on a total of two time points: baseline and two-week post-baseline.
Interventions
After participants agree to participate in this study, they will first fill out the set of questionnaires once. After two weeks, the research team will send them reminders to fill out the same set of questionnaires again.
Sponsors
The University of Hong Kong
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* aged 18 or above * can read and type Chinese * have means to access online surveys No
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form) | 2-week | The 12-item Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF) will be used to measure self-compassion, for assess convergent validity of the SOCS-S. Possible score range is 12 to 60, where higher scores indicate higher self-compassion. |
| Mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - 20) | 2-week | The 20-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - 20 (FFMQ-20) will be used to measure mindfulness. Possible score range is 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher mindfulness. |
| Equanimity (Equanimity Scale) | 2-week | The 16-item Equanimity Scale (ES-16) will be used to measure equanimity. Possible score range is 16 to 80, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity. |
| Self-compassion (Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale) | 2-week | The 20-item Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S) will be used to measure self-compassion. Possible score range is 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher self-compassion. |
| Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire - 9) | 2-week | The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) will be used to measure depression. Possible score range is 0 to 27, where higher scores mean more severe depression. |
| Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7) | 2-week | The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) will be used to measure anxiety. Possible score range is 0 to 21, where higher scores indicate more severe anxiety. |
| Stress (Perceived Stress Scale - 10) | 2-week | The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS) will be used to measure stress. Possible score range is 0 to 40, where higher scores indicate higher perceived stress. |
| Wellbeing (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) | 2-week | The seven-item Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) will be used to measure wellbeing. Possible score range is 0 to 35, where higher scores mean higher mental wellbeing. |
| Equanimity (Two-Factor Equanimity Scale) | 2-week | The Two-Factor Equanimity Scale (EQUA-S) will be used to measure equanimity, for assessing convergent validity of the ES-16. Possible score range is 14 to 70, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| single-item measures on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress (i.e., six items in total) | 2-week | Six single-item exploratory weekly measures respectively measuring equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress. Possible score range for single-item measures on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion are 1 to 7, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion respectively. Possible score range for single-item measures on depression, anxiety are 0 to 3, where higher scores indicate more severe depression, anxiety respectively. Possible score range for single-item measure on stress is 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate higher perceived stress. |
Countries
Hong Kong
Contacts
Primary ContactHoi Chun Lok, MSocSc(CP)
Backup ContactAmanda Kingsze Cheung, PhD
Outcome results
None listed