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Out-of-home Consumer Food Purchase Behaviour in the Presence and Absence of Value Pricing and Price Promotions

Out-of-home Consumer Food Purchase Behaviour in the Presence and Absence of Value Pricing and Price Promotions

Status
Completed
Phases
NA
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT06412276
Enrollment
2051
Registered
2024-05-14
Start date
2024-06-01
Completion date
2024-10-28
Last updated
2024-11-01

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Eating Behavior, Food Selection, Healthy Eating

Brief summary

It is important to understand the role that price-based incentives in the out-of-home food sector play in food purchasing, and whether they lead to positive savings for the consumer (as they would likely anticipate when making purchases), or whether these incentives lead to increased spending and increased purchasing of unhealthy products. Additionally, it is important to consider whether the impacts of price-based incentives differ according to a range of demographic characteristics. For example, some evidence suggests that effects of removing a price-based incentive are greater in individuals with a higher BMI. Evidence also suggests there may also be differences in impact according to socioeconomic position (SEP) as individuals in lower SEP groups reportedly use price-based incentives more frequently. If lower SEP individuals are more affected by price-based incentives (i.e. they prompt ordering in excess and greater spend), then the banning of such strategies could help to reduce health inequalities, by nudging lower SEP consumers toward healthier dietary choices in the OOH food sector. To date, it is unclear what effect policies which remove specific types of price-based incentives would be likely to have on consumer behaviour. In particular, individual product price reductions (e.g. £ off this product), bulk buy price reductions (e.g., Save £ when bought together) and volume value pricing (e.g., the price increase from a small to large portion size not being directly proportional to volume increase). Therefore our primary objectives are: • To observe the effect of removing price-based incentives (individual product price reductions, bulk buy price reductions, volume value pricing) in the OOH food sector on: * Energy purchased per household * Money spent per household Secondary Objectives: • To explore whether any effects of removing price-based incentives differ based on participant characteristics (BMI, SEP, food choice motives)

Detailed description

See attached study protocol for detailed information

Interventions

BEHAVIORALControl

Food menu will be provided as is typical for the out of home outlet

BEHAVIORALProduct price promotions removed

Food menus with no price reductions to products

BEHAVIORALBulk buy reductions removed

Food menus with bundles provided but not at reduced prices

BEHAVIORALVolume value pricing removed

Food menus with proportionate pricing for multi-size products

BEHAVIORALNo price-based incentives

Food menus with no price-based incentives offered

Sponsors

Liverpool John Moores University
CollaboratorOTHER
University of Bristol
CollaboratorOTHER
Economic and Social Research Council, United Kingdom
CollaboratorOTHER
University of Liverpool
Lead SponsorOTHER

Study design

Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)

Masking description

Participants will not know the treatment group to which they have been assigned.

Intervention model description

participants will be randomly assigned to one of five conditions.

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Currently reside in the United Kingdom * Over the age of 18 years * Fluent English speaker Frequently use food delivery apps or websites (at least once a month, on average) * Frequently eat takeaway pizza (i.e. once every 2-3 months) * Can complete the study on a laptop or desktop

Exclusion criteria

* Partaking in a fast or other restrictive eating for religious reasons at time of participation * Dietary restrictions/intolerances including: * Gluten-free * Dairy-free * Sugar-free

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Energy (kcal) orderedimmediately after food choiceThe total energy content of the hypothetical food order
Monetary value of orderimmediately after food choiceThe total monetary value of the hypothetical food order
Likelihood of using a bulk-buy promotionimmediately after food choiceThe likelihood of participants selecting a bulk-buy option or 'bundle'
Likelihood of selecting a larger or smaller sizeimmediately after food choiceThe likelihood of participants selecting a larger or smaller size for food items with multi-size options

Countries

United Kingdom

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026