Endothelial Dysfunction
Conditions
Keywords
athlete's diet, endotoxemia, cortisol, gut injury, gut permeability, exercise
Brief summary
The study aimed to check the influence of timing and composition of diet on markers of gut injury, endotoxemia and stress.
Detailed description
The research protocol includes detailed food intake analysis, including timing and composition, markers related to the neuroendocrine pathway cortisol, and observations of individually experienced symptoms. Moreover, the study also explores intestinal injury and endotoxemia parameters, such as I-FABP, CLDN-3, and LBP. As a first goal, this study investigates the timing and composition of food intake concerning changes in gut integrity, cortisol levels, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Investigators explored whether an athlete's nutritional intake influences any GI disturbance induced by high-intensity exercise. As a second goal, Investigators tried to connect symptoms and markers from both pathways with gastrointestinal complaints. Investigators hypothesised that cortisol levels would be more profound than other studied parameters in gastrointestinal symptoms.
Interventions
Rowers performed 2000m ergometer test.A 2,000-m time trial is a standard test used to assess performance in rowers.
Sponsors
Poznan University of Physical Education
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 23 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Membership in Polish Rowing Team, * minimum five years of training, * total training time minimum of 240 minutes, * filling out a food diary, * finishing 2000-meter ergometer test.
Exclusion criteria
* Probiotics within the last three months, * prebiotics within the last three months * antibiotic therapy within the last three months, * dietary regime, * gastrointestinal diseases, * lactose intolerance
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| I-FABP (intestinal fatty acid binding protein)to measure epithelial wall injury | Blood samples was taken from the cubital vein at three-time points: before each stress test (after overnight fasting) up to one hour after getting up, 1 minute after the test, and 1-hour recovery period | I-FABP concentration measured in blood \[ng/ml\] using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays |
| Claudin to measure tight junction leakage | Blood samples was taken from the cubital vein at three-time points: before each stress test (after overnight fasting) up to one hour after getting up, 1 minute after the test, and 1-hour recovery period | Zonulin concentration measured in blood \[ng/ml\] using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays |
| LBP (lipopolysaccharide binding protein) to measure endotoxin | Blood samples was taken from the cubital vein at three-time points: before each stress test (after overnight fasting) up to one hour after getting up, 1 minute after the test, and 1-hour recovery period | LBP concentration measured in blood \[ug/ml\] using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays |
| Lactic acid to measure fatigue after the race | Blood samples was taken from the cubital vein at three-time points: before each stress test (after overnight fasting) up to one hour after getting up, 1 minute after the test | Lactate concentration measured in capillary blood from earlobe \[mmol/L\] using a commercially available kit (Diaglobal, Berlin, Germany) |
| Corisol | Blood samples was taken from the cubital vein at three-time points: before each stress test (after overnight fasting) up to one hour after getting up, 1 minute after the test, and 1-hour recovery period | Stress hormoneconcentration measured in blood \[ng/ml\] using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| lactose | whole day(24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | lactose \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| saccharose | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | saccharose \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| fructose | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | fructose \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| fiber | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | fiber \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| Body mass | in the morning before the test up to 1 hour after getting up | Body mass \[kg\] measured by electronic scale to the nearest 0,05 kg (Tanita BC 418 MA Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). |
| energy | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | energy \[kcal \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| Total body water | in the morning before the test up to 1 hour after getting up | Body fat \[%\] measured by electronic scale (Tanita BC 418 MA Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). |
| Lean body mass | in the morning before the test up to 1 hour after getting up | Lean body mass \[kg\] measured by electronic scale (Tanita BC 418 MA Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). |
| height | in the morning before the test up to 1 hour after getting up | \[cm\] measured by high meter |
| self reported gastrointestinal scale | up to 1 hours after the test | 10 point scale |
| Body fat | in the morning before the test up to 1 hour after getting up | Body fat \[%\] measured by electronic scale (Tanita BC 418 MA Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). |
| protein | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | protein \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| fat | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | fat \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| carbohydrate | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | carbohydrate \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
| glucose | whole day (24hours) before test, in the morning before the test | glucose \[g \]of food intake measured by food diary |
Countries
Poland
Outcome results
None listed