Chronic Neck Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Neck pain, Diaphragm, Cervical spine, Young adult, Osteopathy
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of an intervention plan targeting the diaphragm, namely stretching technique, neuromuscular diaphragm and phrenic centre inhibition, in the treatment of chronic non-specific neck pain.
Detailed description
Chronic neck pain is defined as pain and discomfort between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra, which may radiate to the scapula, anterior chest wall, skull or upper limbs. It is classified as chronic if the pain persists for more than 12 weeks. Associated symptoms include headache, dizziness and pain or paresthesia in the upper limbs. These symptoms interfere with daily life and have a negative impact on physical and mental health. The aetiology of this pathology is multifactorial and the triggering factors may vary due to the close relationship that the cervical spine has with other structures, namely the diaphragm muscle. Our aim is to verify the effectiveness of an osteopathic treatment protocol targeting the diaphragm in chronic non-specific neck pain in young adults. Specifically, to analyse whether the mechanical, fascial and neural pathways established by the defined manual techniques, namely stretching techniques, neuromuscular inhibition of the diaphragm and the phrenic centre, have any effect on active movements (rotations and inclinations) and chronic neck pain. This study will analyse the effects of diaphragmatic techniques on the following variables: Numerical Pain Scale and Goniometer Pro© (G-pro©).
Interventions
OTHERPlacebo technique
The patient is in a supine position with a 90° knees flexion. The osteopath lies cephalad to the patient and places their hands on their shoulders.
OTHERDiaphragm protocol
The patient is in a supine position with a 90° knees flexion.To stretch the diaphragm, the osteopath stands at the head of the bed and places his hands on the lower edge of the ribcage and accompanies the lifting of the ribs during inhalation and maintains it during deep exhalation for up to 2 sets of 10 deep breaths separated by 1 minute. For the neuromuscular technique, the osteopath is positioned contralateral to the side to be treated and slides with the thumb under the lower part of the thorax, applying a force in the opposite direction.To inhibit the phrenic centre, the osteopath places one hand on the sternum in a caudal direction and the other in the projection of the phrenic centre in a cephalic direction.The participant inhales deeply and the osteopath presses in both directions during the expiratory phase for 10 respiratory cycles.
Sponsors
Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Double
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Present a negative Jackson test; * Have a body mass index (BMI) of 20-29.9 kg/m2; * Suffer from chronic non-specific neck pain for 3 months or more.
Exclusion criteria
* Have a history of cervical spine surgery, as well as any trauma or fracture of the cervical spine, clavicle, scapula and ribs; * Have specific neck pain due to degenerative diseases (disc prolapse, scoliosis); * Having a congenital cervical deformity, such as torticollis; * Being pregnant; * Having rheumatic, oncological or respiratory pathologies; * Have liver or gallbladder pathologies; * Receiving physiotherapy, osteopathy, acupuncture or massage treatment for neck pain 3 months before and during participation in the study; * Taking analgesics, anti-inflammatories or muscle relaxants 5 days prior to the intervention.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the intensity of pain in the cervical spine after applying the diaphragm intervention plan | 12 minutes after the intervention | The questionnaire of Numerical Pain Scale (NPS) will be the instrument used to access the volunteer's pain, which consists of a numerical scale from 0 to 10, in which 0 is absence of pain and 10 is maximal pain. This questionnaire is carried out at rest and at the end of the available range of lateral inclinations and rotations of the cervical spine, which are the most painful movements in this pathology. |
| Changes in range of motion after applying the diaphragm targeted protocol | 12 minutes after the intervention | The range of motion of the cervical spine, rotations and lateral inclinations will be measured using the Goniometer Pro© (G-pro©) to compare the pre- and post-intervention samples. NPS questionnaire data will be collected from the subject's report and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet with the appropriate identification code. The range of motion data will be collected by the assessor and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet with the appropriate identification code. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in pain level one week after the intervention | One week after the intervention. | One week later, the volunteers will take the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS) questionnaire again to access the volunteers pain, which consists of a numerical scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is maximum pain. This questionnaire is carried out at rest and at the end of the available range of lateral inclinations and rotations of the cervical spine, which are the most painful movements in this pathology. |
| Changes in range of motion one week later | One week after the intervention. | The range of motion of the rotation and lateral tilt of the cervical spine is measured again using a Goniometer Pro© (G-pro©). Data from the NPS questionnaire will be collected from the patient report and recorded in an Excel document with the corresponding identification code. The range of motion data is collected by the assessor and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet with the appropriate identification code. |
Countries
Portugal
Contacts
Primary ContactNatália MO Campelo, PhD
Outcome results
None listed