Hypoxia
Conditions
Keywords
hypoxia, EPO, wrestlers, HIF-1, athletes
Brief summary
Twelve male wrestlers of the National Polish Team were observed in the study during the camp. The hypoxia group (n=6) participated in sports training and hypoxic exposure, while the control group (n=6) included wrestlers participating only in sports training. The hypoxic group lived and slept in hypoxic rooms. During the camp, all wrestlers followed the same training schedule and diet. In the blood were determined levels of creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, nitric oxide (NO), morphology, reticulocytes, lipid profile, and ferritin. Also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3), erythropoietin (EPO), angiopoietin (Ang 1, Ang 2), endothelial cell adhesion factor-1 (VCAM-1), Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Body weight composition was determined.
Detailed description
Hypoxia exposure applied to professional athletes has attracted attention and scientific debate due to its effects on improving physiological response through cardiovascular and hematological mechanisms. Presently, hypoxic training programs are developed to improve exercise performance in athletes, a useful training method for athletes that may improve their performance in future sea-level competitions. 12 males were divided into the hypoxic (H) and control (C) groups. Group H was living and sleeping in hypoxic rooms (method live high-train low) for 8-14h/d (FiO2≈14%). The implementation of the project was intended to: 1) assess the dynamics of changes in the concentration of pro-inflammatory indicators and hematopoiesis in athletes to variable training loads and hypoxia, 2) explain the usefulness of hypoxic exposure in adaptation to physical exercise, 3) observe the length of the hypoxic cycle necessary to maintain the effect of high-altitude training. In the blood serum the level of basic biochemical indicators of fatigue related to muscle damage, inflammation, and energy deficit, i.e. total creatine kinase (CK) activity, C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, basic hematological indicators: morphology, reticulocytes, lipid profile, and ferritin. Also, angiogenesis regulators: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors (VEGFR2 and VEGFR3), erythropoietin (EPO), angiopoietin (Ang 1, Ang 2), endothelial cell adhesion factor-1 (VCAM-1), Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Body weight composition was determined using a body analyzer. Further investigations into hypoxia methods while considering individual capabilities are necessary for gaining deeper insights, into how hypoxia affects blood count and different blood variables among athletes.
Interventions
OTHERhypoxia
The athletes were living in hypoxic rooms, which could simulate a selected altitude above sea level.
Sponsors
Poznan University of Physical Education
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Wrestlers in H group were living in hypoxic rooms for 8-14h/d and between that they were participating in sports training. C group was participating in the same training protocol.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* member of national wrestler's teams, and sports camp participant.
Exclusion criteria
* negative symptoms of hypoxia, and/or injury.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VCAM-1 | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | endothelial cell adhesion factor-1 |
| EPO | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | Erythropoietin |
| VEGF, VEGF 2, VEGF 3. | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| Ang 1, Ang 2 | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | angiopoietin |
| hsCRP | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | reactive C-protein |
| CK | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | creatine kinase |
| HIF-1 | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | hypoxia-inducible factor 1 |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| lipid profile | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | HDL, LDL, triglycerides |
| ferritin | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | ferritin |
| blood count | The blood was taken at the beginning of the camp (baseline), after 6 days, after 15 days. | morphology |
Outcome results
None listed