Bed Sore, Decubitus Sore, Decubitus Ulcer, Pressure Injury, Pressure Sore, Pressure Ulcer, Skin Ulcer
Conditions
Keywords
Pressure Injury, Care Bundle, Hospital-acquired pressure injury, Randomized Clinical Trial, IDEAL SKIIN CARES
Brief summary
The study will be a multi-center, triple-blinded, cluster randomized controlled trial (c-RCT) conducted with a three-arm parallel design and a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The experimental groups will consist of two arms: the intervention group, where patients will receive training in relevant pressure injury care bundles, and the placebo group, where patients will receive training in an irrelevant topic like respiratory care. Both intervention and placebo groups will receive specialized pressure injury prevention (PIP) care bundle from trained wound specialist nurses (WSNs). The third arm will be the control group comprising patients who do not undergo any training course and will receive only routine standard care for PIP care bundle. The aim of c-RCT will be to compare the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) in the three study groups and to provide detailed evidence on the effect of the developed pressure injury care bundle, administered by WSNs on the development of HAPI in trained hospitalized patients, as opposed to those receiving routine standard care for PIP care bundle without training.
Detailed description
The investigators developed a specialized PIP care bundle, named IDEAL SKIIN CARES, through extensive review of literature and expert insights, which will be utilized for training WSNs and patients in intervention group. This comprehensive bundle comprises 15 key components aimed at effectively preventing PIs: (1) Incontinence care status; (2) Dehydration status; (3) Elevate at-risk surfaces; (4) Attention to attached devices to skin; (5) Lotion use; (6) Skin assessment; (7) Keeping repositioning; (8) Individualized up-to-date knowledge; (9) Individualized medical devices selection; (10) Nutrition status; (11) Caregiver (formal and informal) participation; (12) Activity assessment; (13) Reducing friction/shear forces; (14) Evaluate hemodynamic instability; (15) and Scrutinizing comorbidities. These components are categorized into three groups to facilitate understanding and enhance patient engagement in PIP care: (1) Education; (2) assessment of patient's condition; and (3) Care intervention. Therefore, the investigators will conduct a c-RCT with three arm parallel design for hospitalized patients to assessed the effect of IDEAL SKIIN CARES bundle to prevent of occurrence HAPI in three groups of study and compare with routine standard care for PIP care bundle.
Interventions
OTHERIDEAL SKIIN CARES bundles
The investigators developed a specialized PIP care bundle, named IDEAL SKIIN CARES, through extensive review of literature and expert insights, which will be utilized for training WSNs and patients in the intervention group. This comprehensive bundle comprises 15 key components aimed at effectively preventing PIs: (1) Incontinence care status; (2) Dehydration status; (3) Elevate at-risk surfaces; (4) Attention to attached devices to skin; (5) Lotion use; (6) Skin assessment; (7) Keeping repositioning; (8) Individualized up-to-date knowledge; (9) Individualized medical devices selection; (10) Nutrition status; (11) Caregiver (formal and informal) participation; (12) Activity assessment; (13) Reducing friction/shear forces; (14) Evaluate hemodynamic instability; (15) and Scrutinizing comorbidities.
OTHERIDEAL SKIIN CARES bundles workshop
IDEAL SKIIN CARES bundles will be explained in detail by a trained research assistant in a workshop. This workshop is different from clinical training and following up about the IDEAL SKIIN CARES bundles.
OTHERRespiratory care workshop
An unrelated topic, specifically respiratory care will be held in a workshop. This training will involve the distribution of educational pamphlets, brochures, and visual posters outlining key aspects of respiratory care
Sponsors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hamadan University of Medical Science
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
In this placebo-controlled trial, patients will be blinded to their group allocations. Additionally, WSNs, who are trained for delivering special PIP care bundles, as well as nursing staff who are responsible for measuring wounds and collecting data, and data analyst, will also be blinded.
Intervention model description
C-RCT will be conducted with a three-arm parallel design and a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The experimental groups will consist of two arms: the intervention group and the placebo group. The third arm will be the control group.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* be adults aged 18 years or older; * have been hospitalized for a minimum of 48 hours; * be willing to participate.
Exclusion criteria
* patients with significant pre-existing skin conditions or injuries that make it difficult to observe skin integrity; * have existing PIs or vascular ulcers upon admission to the hospital (pressure injuries defined by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel); * be at risk of PIs due to limited mobility (requiring physical or mechanical assistance to reposition or move); * individuals with urinary or fecal incontinence, mental illness, or severe cognitive impairment upon hospital admission; * patients who are hospitalized in day-surgery, critical care, emergency, maternity, pediatrics, mental health and dialysis units; * admitted to the hospital for \>28 days; * those with prior experience of PIs or training in PIs care and prevention.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) | Within 48 hours of hospital admission until they reach the trial endpoints of hospital discharge or 28 days | All patients in the three groups will be closely monitored for the development of HAPI. Two independent and experienced WSNs will oversee the intervention and placebo groups, while two independent and experienced research assistants will supervise the control group. They will conduct separate examinations of the patients to assess the presence or absence of PI, following the NPUAP guidelines. These assessments will occur three times a day during morning, evening, and night shifts to ensure comprehensive monitoring of at-risk patients, and with daily evaluations for patients without PI risk factors. The occurrence time of PI will be recorded for each patient based on the day. To ensure consistency and accuracy in PI assessment, the agreement between the two assessors will be evaluated using the Kappa agreement test for inter-rater reliability |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Injury Stage | Within 48 hours of hospital admission until they reach the trial endpoints of hospital discharge or 28 days | Wound specialist nurses and experienced research assistants will determine the stage of PIs among patients and monitor the progression of PI stages (increased severity in PI stages) in all three study groups. The stages of a pressure ulcer typically range from Stage 1 to Stage 4, with each stage indicating the severity of tissue damage. The assessment of PI stages will involve evaluating factors such as skin integrity, tissue involvement, and the presence of necrosis. Any changes in the stage of a PI will be carefully documented to track the progression of the injury over time. To ensure consistency and accuracy in PI stage determination, the agreement between the two assessors will be evaluated using the Kappa agreement test for inter-rater reliability on stage of PI. |
| Patient participation in care | Within 48 hours of hospital admission until they reach the trial endpoints of hospital discharge or 28 days | When patients reach the trial endpoint, the assessor (the research assistants and WSNs) will utilize the Patient Participation Scale as a secondary outcome measure. |
| Healthcare costs | Within 48 hours of hospital admission until they reach the trial endpoints of hospital discharge or 28 days | The costs linked to providing the IDEAL SKIIN CARES bundle, including time spent on patient education, training WSNs, and developing educational resources like brochures, posters, and pamphlets, will be gathered for all participants in the trial. Additionally, data on the length of hospital stays will be collected. Over a 28-day observational period, detailed micro-costing data will be collected by a dedicated research assistant. Specifically, the number of repositioning episodes per participant, the clinical staff required for repositioning, and the nurse time needed per repositioning will be determined. Other resources utilized for IDEAL SKIIN CARES or standard care bundles, such as special mattresses, skincare products, and incontinence care, will also be documented. The direct costs will then be allocated to each resource unit using established costing references. |
| Self-report Patient participation in care | Within 48 hours of hospital admission until they reach the trial endpoints of hospital discharge or 28 days | Patients will be asked to self-report their level of participation in PIP by providing a score from 0 to 10. This self-assessment will offer insights into the patient's perception of their involvement in their care plan. |
Contacts
Primary ContactAmir vahedian-azimi, Professor
Backup ContactKeivan Goharimoghadam, Professor
Outcome results
None listed