Stress, Psychological, Burnout, Psychological, Subjective Stress, Occupational Stress
Conditions
Keywords
N-of-1 trial, Anti-stress Intervention, Box Breathing, Breathing, Mindfulness
Brief summary
Medical practice often comes with high stress. Stress negatively affects our health and well-being and is linked to doctors making mistakes, some of which can be deadly. In this study, the effect of two quick stress-relief methods on daily stress levels is estimated. The two anti-stress exercises are designed to easily fit into daily routines: 1. Box breathing (6 minutes) is known to reduce stress and lower the heart rate. It is used by the military and law enforcement, among others, to manage stress. 2. Breathing and mindfulness exercise (10 minutes): This guided breathing and mindfulness intervention combines mindful breathing with simple body movements, developed to reduce the perceived level of stress. The effectiveness of these interventions is being examined in a series of N-of-1 trials. Each participant can choose between the interventions. After being randomly allocated to an individual sequence of one-week intervention and control phases, the study begins. Participants record their stress levels daily over the four-week study period. The intervention is only performed in the intervention phases. Upon completing the study, the stress levels during the intervention phases are compared to those in the control phases. Each participant will receive an individual analysis based on the collected data. In addition, the investigators will estimate the effects at the population level. Three months after the study, a survey will be sent to the participants to check if the benefits have persisted.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALBox Breathing
Participants are guided to find a quite and comfortable spot to sit and unwind. They are then directed to inhale deeply for four seconds, hold that breath for another four seconds, and then exhale slowly over four seconds. Following a brief four-second pause, they begin the next cycle of breathing. To assist with this exercise, participants will have access to a video featuring a red dot tracing a square pattern, moving at the pace needed for the breathing technique.
BEHAVIORALBreathing and Mindfulness Exercise
The second intervention involves a 10-minute session of guided breathing exercises that blend elements of mindfulness meditation with gentle body movements and controlled breathing. Participants are advised to find a quiet space, sit comfortably, and adopt an upright posture. They are then led through a series of brief exercises, incorporating mild stretches for the upper body and focused, mindful breathing.
BEHAVIORALEveryday life control
Participants are instructed to not perform the anti-stress intervention and to proceed with their daily activities as usual.
Sponsors
Charite University, Berlin, Germany
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Physicians in training in Germany * Weekly working time in medical activity of at least 9 hours * Regular access to a mobile phone on which the StudyU-App can be installed * Informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Age \<18 years * Specialist training already completed * No clinical activity during the study period or part of the study period (e.g. vacation, research activity, etc.) * Participation in another intervention study during the study period * Does not speak German * Does yoga more than 4 times a month * Meditates or performs breathing exercises on average more than 4 days per month * Confirmed or suspected pregnancy * Presence of a psychiatric disorder * Presence of cardiovascular disease * Presence of respiratory or pulmonary disease * Presence of a neurological disease * Substance abuse (for example, alcohol, drugs, or other) * Planned surgery within the next 6 months * Doctor's recommendation (or self-assessment) not to perform mindfulness or breathing exercises * Lack of informed consent * Employee of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (due to data protection reasons, employees of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin will not be included in this study)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Daily perceived stress | daily on day 1 to day 28 of the study | Participants are asked to answer the following question on an analog scale from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely): Overall, how stressful was your day? |
| Daily expectation of perceived stress level on the following day | daily on day 1 to day 28 of the study | Participants are asked to answer the following question on an analog scale from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely): Which level of stress do you expect for the following day? |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Level of agreement between expected and actually perceived level of stress | daily on day 1 to day 28 of the study | By subtracting the expected from the actually experienced level of stress, the level of agreement will be assessed. |
| Compliance with the study protocol: number of participant reported outcomes | After 4 weeks | Compliance with the study protocol will be assessed by counting the number of participant reported outcomes documented. |
| Compliance with the study protocol: number of performed anti-stress interventions | After 4 weeks | Compliance with the study protocol will be assessed by counting the number of anti-stress interventions completed over the entire duration of the study. |
| Successful study completion | After 4 weeks | Successful completion of the study will be assessed based on the minimum required number of results reported by participants during the study period to be included in the final statistical analysis. |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed