Healthy, Spiritual Well-being
Conditions
Keywords
nature-based interventions, spiritual well-being, contemplate
Brief summary
The goal of this randomized control trial is to test if contemplating in nature could benefit spiritual well-being in general adults. The main question it aims to answer is: Does a 2-week contemplative nature intervention improve spiritual well-being? Participants in the intervention condition will walk for 10 minutes and then choose a nice spot to sit for 10 minutes. During these minutes they will be asked to be silently present and observe trees, plants, flowers, or other aspects of nature and contemplate their connectedness to nature and their own awareness. Then walk back 10 minutes.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALContemplating in nature
Participants will spend 30 minutes in nature per day for 10 times over 14 days. Each time, participants will walk for 10 minutes and then choose a nice spot to sit for 10 minutes. During these minutes they will be asked to be silently present and observe trees, plants, flowers or other aspects of nature and contemplate their connectedness to nature and their own awareness. Then walk back 10 minutes.
Sponsors
University of Twente
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* is 18 years or older; * has access to a nearby natural environment for walking and sitting activities such as a forest, park, or walking area; * possesses the physical ability to walk for half an hour; * has access to a computer or tablet with a stable internet connection and an email address; * is willing to commit half an hour to engage in nature walks 10 times over 14 days.
Exclusion criteria
\- NA.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Spiritual well-being assessed by Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF) | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | On a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 6 (to a very high degree), respondents rate in how far they think specific statements about spiritual well-being apply to themselves. Higher scores indicate higher scores of spiritual well-being. |
| Spiritual well-being assessed by Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | The non-theistic items from DSES will be used. Ranging from 1 (multiple times a day) to 6 (never). The item responses were reverse coded prior to analysis so that larger values would reflect a higher level of daily spiritual experiences. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Client satisfaction of passive control condition assessed by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) | From post-intervention to longer term follow-up at 3 months. | A Likert scale scored from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction). Higher score means higher satisfaction with the intervention. |
| Nature connectedness assessed by Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | Items are rated on a 5-point scale with endpoints 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). Higher score means higher sense of oneness with the natural world. |
| Nature connectedness assessed by the single item Inclusion of Nature with Self scale (INS) | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | Participants were asked to select one of seven different sets of overlapping circles labeled ''self'' and ''nature.'' Scores ranged from 1 (where the circles touched but did not overlap) to 7 (where the two circles entirely overlapped). |
| Client satisfaction of intervention condition assessed by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) | From post-intervention to short-term follow-up at 1 month. | A Likert scale scored from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction). Higher score means higher satisfaction with the intervention. |
| Psychological well-being assessed by Brief INSPIRE-O | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (a lot). Higher score means higher psychological well-being. |
| Stress assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Higher score means higher level of perceived stress. |
| Well-being assessed by Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) | Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks. | A 6-point Likert scale scored from never to every day. Higher score means higher level of well-being. |
| Client satisfaction of active control condition assessed by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) | From post-intervention to short-term follow-up at 1 month. | A Likert scale scored from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction). Higher score means higher satisfaction with the intervention. |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed