Tinnitus, Subjective
Conditions
Keywords
4-7-8 breathing exercise, Tinnitus, Psychological factors, Insomnia, Informative session
Brief summary
The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of 4-7-8 breathing exercise on tinnitus handicap, psychological factors and sleep quality. There will be a parallel-group randomized controlled trial study and consists of two groups. Both groups will receive 1 hour of informative session on tinnitus and the experimental group will also perform 4-7-8 breathing exercises for 6 weeks. Visual analog scale, tinnitus handicap inventory, insomnia severity index, trait anxiety inventory, and perceived stress scale will be applied before and after the application.
Detailed description
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of 4-7-8 breathing exercise technique on tinnitus handicap, psychological factors and sleep quality. It is also aimed to compare the results of the experimental group and those who received only 1 hour of informative session on tinnitus (Control group). The study will employ a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. Both groups will receive 1 hour of informative session on tinnitus and the experimental group will also perform 4-7-8 breathing exercises for 6 weeks. Visual analog scale, tinnitus handicap inventory, insomnia severity index, trait anxiety inventory,and perceived stress scale will be applied to all patients before and after the application.
Interventions
OTHER4-7-8 breathing exercise technique and informative session on tinnitus
Participants in experimental group will be individually provided with informative session on tinnitus for one hour by researchers. During the informative session, the participants will be given general information about tinnitus and will be informed about the possible causes, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, or treatment processes, and coping methods. The participants will be also given a printed informative brochure on tinnitus. In the same session, after one hour of informative session, the 4-7-8 breathing exercise method will be demonstrated by the same researchers. In addition, a video showing how to perform the 4-7-8 breathing exercise technique will be sent as a text message to their cell phones.
OTHERInformative session on tinnitus
Participants in control group will be individually provided with informative session on tinnitus only for one hour by researchers G.K. and G.S.U. from both clinics. During the informative session, the participants will be given general information about tinnitus and inform about the possible causes, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, or treatment processes, and coping methods. The participants will be also given a printed informative brochure on tinnitus.
Sponsors
Ege University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
In the study, patients do not know which group they were in. Therefore, blinding is performed among the participants. To prevent bias in the study, blinding is also performed between the researchers. Researchers (S.B. and A.O. from both clinics) make the pre- and post-test evaluations without knowing which group the patients are in.
Intervention model description
This study employs a parallel group randomised controlled trial design.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged between 18-65 years with subjective idiopathic tinnitus complaints for at least six months * Must be able to speak and read Turkish * Must be able to answer the questionnaire questions and perform the 4-7-8 breathing exercises regularly
Exclusion criteria
* Any neuro-otologic, psychiatric, neurologic, or cognitive problems, objective tinnitus, chronic medication use, asthma diagnosis or respiratory distress * Receivement of any tinnitus treatment or tinnitus informative session actively
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Baseline | Patients will be asked to assess the degree of distress and annoyance associated with their tinnitus, as well as its severity, using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 0 to 10 both before and after the application. An increase in these areas is shown by an increase in the score. Minimum score value is 0 and maximum value is 10. All patients will be assessed before application. |
| Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) | Baseline | The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) assesses the catastrophic, emotional, and functional impacts of tinnitus and measures its effects on patients' daily functioning. The THI consists of 25 items. In the inventory, there are 25 items consisting of three options as 'yes', 'no', and 'sometimes'. A 'yes' answer is worth 4 points and a 'no' answer is worth 0 points. A maximum score of 100 points can be obtained from the THI. The higher the score, the greater the perception of the tinnitus as a handicap. Minimum score value is 0 and maximum value is 100. All patients will be assessed before application. |
| Insomnia severity index (ISI) | Baseline | Sleep quality of the patients was assessed with the insomnia severity index (ISI). It is a questionnaire that evaluates the difficulties experienced in transitioning to and maintaining sleep, the level of stress caused by sleep problems, and impairments in daily functions, and thus determines the level of insomnia. It consists of 7 questions in total. Higher score indicates more insomnia symptoms. Minimum score value is 0 and maximum value is 28. All patients will be assessed before application. |
| Perceived stress scale -10 (PSS-10) | Baseline | The Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) will be administered to assess the stress perceived by tinnitus patients. It was developed to measure the extent to which situations in one's life are considered stressful. It consists of 10 questions. The scores of PSS-10 vary between 0 and 40. Greater perceived stress is indicated by higher scores. The scores of PSS-10 vary between 0 and 40. All patients will be assessed before application. |
| Trait Anxiety Scale (TAS) | Baseline | The trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the level of anxiety in those with tinnitus. The TAS is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of twenty items that aims to determine how the individual feels regardless of the situation and conditions in which they find themselves. A score between 20 and 80 is obtained from this scale. Higher scores indicate higher level of anxiety. A score between 20 and 80 is obtained from this scale. All patients will be assessed before application. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed