LKCM Group, MM Group, Waitlist Group
Conditions
Keywords
mindfulness, loving-kindness and compassion
Brief summary
The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of of mindfulness meditation and loving-kindness and compassion meditation on psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress), and explore the mechanism from the perspective of reinforcement sensitivity theory.
Detailed description
Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness meditation group (MM, n = 51), loving-kindness and compassion meditation group (LKCM, n = 51), and waitlist group (n = 50). Participants in MM group and LKCM group received four weeks intervention, and data was collected before the intervention and after the intervention.
Interventions
OTHERmindfulness meditation intervention and loving-kindness and compassion meditation intervention
Interventions were conducted by two teachers separately. Mindfulness meditation group provided the knowledge and practice related with mindfulness, and loving-kindness and compassion meditation group provided knowledge and practice related with loving-kindness and compassion meditation.
Sponsors
Beijing Normal University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 56 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
(1) have not attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have not diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) not currently receiving or has never received psychological counseling; (4) not currently taking or has never taken psychotropic medication; (5) age is less than 18.
Exclusion criteria
(1) have attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) receiving or have received psychological counseling; (4) taking or have taken psychotropic drugs; (5) age is more than 18.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale | 2 months | The scalewas used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress with 21 items. Participants are required to report the degree of conformity scoring from 1 (did not apply to me at all) to 4 (applied to me very much). |
| The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale | 2 months | The scale was used to measure the degree of mindfulness, with 10 items and two dimensions, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always). |
| The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire | 2 months | The scale included 34 items to test the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward. and participants were asked to respond yes (scoring 1) or no (scoring 0). Summing the scores of the questions was the total score for that dimension. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Emotional Word Lists | 2 months | The scale was used to measure emotions, to test the basic effect of interventions. There were 24 emotional words, which constructed two dimensions: positive emotion and negative emotion, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always). |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed