Metabolic Disturbance
Conditions
Brief summary
Glycaemic responses to fruit smoothies may depend on the food matrix (e.g., degree of processing and physical structure), ingestion rate, dose ingested and fibre content. Furthermore, the method of sampling could alter inferences. The aim of this project is to characterise how these factors affect the glycaemic response to a commercially available fruit smoothie. Participants will ingest 7 different test drinks in a randomised, crossover design with fingerstick capillary blood sampling alongside continuous glucose monitors. Test drinks will include a glucose reference (CONTROL), the commercial product matched for carbohydrate to CONTROL (PRODUCT), equivalent carbohydrate ingested as whole fruits (WHOLE), equivalent carbohydrate ingested as blended fruits (WHOLE), equivalent carbohydrate as the commercial product ingested slowly (SLOW), equivalent carbohydrate as the commercial product ingested with additional fibre (FIBRE), and the commercial product ingested in a dose typically bought (DOSE). These data will provide insight into how the food matrix and different patterns of ingestion can alter the glycaemic response to a fruit smoothie, and how the measurement method may alter interpretations.
Interventions
OTHERFood
Fruit ingested in whole form or as either commercially available, or home-made smoothies
Sponsors
University of Bath
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age: 18-65 years * Body mass index 18-30 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* diagnosis of any form of diabetes * intolerances or allergies to any of the study procedures (e.g. fructose/inulin intolerance) * Fructose malabsorption * Inborn errors of fructose metabolism (e.g. fructokinase deficiency, aldolase B deficiency, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency) * pregnant or lactating * any condition that could introduce bias to the study (e.g. diagnoses of lipid disorders, including cardiovascular disease, or therapies that alter lipid or glucose metabolism, such as statins or niacin).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic index of product with capillary vs CGM | 120 min | The difference in glycaemic index \[2-hour incremental area under the curve (mmol/L-1x120 min) for PRODUCT relative to CONTROL expressed as a percentage\] in capillary blood samples versus continuous glucose monitors. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic index of all conditions with capillary vs CGM | 120 min | The difference in glycaemic index \[2-hour incremental area under the curve (mmol/L-1x120 min) for all other conditions (WHOLE, BLEND, SLOW, FIBRE, DOSE) relative to CONTROL expressed as a percentage\] in capillary blood samples versus continuous glucose monitors. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GI of products in continuous glucose monitors | 120 min | Comparisons between conditions for the 2-hour incremental area under the curve relative to CONTROL using continuous glucose monitors. |
| Condition-by-sampling interaction | 120 min | The effect of condition-by-blood sampling (capillary vs continuous glucose monitor) interaction for the 2-hour incremental area under the curve for all conditions. |
| Time to peak glucose capillary vs CGM | 120 min | The condition-by-blood sampling interaction for the time to peak glucose concentrations (min) |
| Peak glucose capillary vs CGM | 120 min | The condition-by-blood sampling interaction for the postprandial peak glucose concentrations (mmol/L) |
| GI of products in capillary samples | 120 min | Comparisons between conditions for the 2-hour incremental area under the curve relative to CONTROL using capillary blood glucose. |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed