Drowning, Drowning, Near, Submersion, Submersion - Accidental, Submersion or Drowning Due to Being Thrown Overboard, Submersion or Drowning Due to Being Washed Overboard, Submersion or Drowning Due to Boat Overturning, Swimmer Injured, Submersion or Drowning Due to Boat Submerging, Swimmer Injured, Submersion or Drowning Due to Boat Submerging, Water Skier Injured, Submersion or Drowning Due to Fall From Gangplank, Swimmer Injured, Submersion or Drowning Due to Fall Overboard, Docker or Stevedore Injured, Submersion or Drowning Due to Ship Sinking, Docker or Stevedore Injured, Submersion or Drowning Due to Ship Sinking, Water Skier Injured
Conditions
Keywords
Water rescue, Aquatic rescue, Danish Prehospital Drowning Data, Danish Drowning Formula, Emergency Medical Service (EMS), Cohort, Registry, Utstein, Epidemiology
Brief summary
Since 2015, all Danish prehospital EMS have used the nationwide Prehospital Electronic Medical Record (PEMR). In 2023, the investigators developed the Danish Drowning Formula (DDF), a text-search algorithm designed to search the unstructured text fields in the electronic medical records with comprehensive search criteria to identify all potential water-related incidents. This protocol describes the first study to analyse the prehospital data from a nationwide Danish cohort of patients treated by the EMS from 2016 to 2023 following non-drowning aquatic rescues.
Detailed description
Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish recommendations towards specific educational, preventative, or rescue strategies to reduce the number of aquatic rescues in Denmark (e.g., campaigns targeting high-risk groups, or fencing, allocating rescue equipment, or establishing lifeguard stations in high-risk areas). This may not only enhance prevention of aquatic rescues but also decrease the mortality and the total number of drowning incidents in Denmark. Objectives The primary objective is to estimate the yearly incidence of patients treated by the Danish EMS following a non-drowning aquatic rescue from 2016 to 2023 and calculate the aquatic rescue to drowning ratio. The secondary objectives are to characterise the rescues (e.g., lay rescuer or professional rescuer, use of equipment) and to report the spatial distribution. Study design This study is a nationwide registry-based study with data from the Danish nationwide PEMR from 2016 to 2023. Methods Since 2015, all Danish prehospital EMS have used the nationwide Prehospital Electronic Medical Record (PEMR). In 2023, the investigators developed the Danish Drowning Formula (DDF), a text-search algorithm designed to search the unstructured text fields in the electronic medical records with comprehensive search criteria to identify all potential water-related incidents. This study will be the first to analyse the prehospital data from a nationwide Danish cohort of patients treated by the EMS from 2016 to 2023 following non-drowning aquatic rescues.
Interventions
OTHERSubmersion or immersion in liquid
The patient must have been submersed or immersed in liquid.
Sponsors
Prehospital Center, Region Zealand
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Inclusion criteria
* All the patients registered in the Danish Prehospital Electronic Medical Record from 2016-2023 will be screened by the Danish Drowning Formula and the medical records containing one or more trigger words will be extracted for manual validation. * All records where the patient was immersed or submersed in liquid but did not experience mild, moderate, or severe respiratory impairment following the drowning process will be included.
Exclusion criteria
* All records where the patient was immersed or submersed in liquid and did experience mild, moderate, or severe respiratory impairment following the drowning process). * All records where the patient was not immersed or submersed in liquid.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The annual incidence. | From 2016 to 2023. | The incidence will be reported as the annual number of cases. |
| The annual incidence rate. | From 2016 to 2023. | The incidence rate will be reported as the annual number of cases per 100,000 person-years. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The spatial distribution of aquatic rescues on a map of Denmark. | From 2016-2023. | Each incident will be presented with a single entry based on the geographical coordinates of the incident. |
Countries
Denmark
Contacts
Primary ContactNiklas Breindahl, MD, PhD
Backup ContactHelle Collatz Christensen, MD, PhD
Outcome results
None listed