Cognition, Energy Expenditure, Exercise Performance, Reaction Time, Substrate Oxidation
Conditions
Keywords
energy drink, exercise performance
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate acute changes in rates of fat oxidation during exercise with and without the ingestion of a caffeine-based energy drink.
Detailed description
This study aims to investigate the impact of a caffeinated energy drink on cognitive function and exercise performance in healthy adults. The research will employ a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design involving 15 participants. Initial screening includes health assessments and completion of a health history questionnaire, as well as a VO2peak assessment. Participants will replicate their diet before every study visit. Subsequent visits involve baseline assessments, ingestion of either a placebo or a caffeinated energy drink, followed by cognitive tests and a cycling exercise bout at moderate intensity, followed by a exercise performance cycling time trial. Measurements, including heart rate, perceived exertion, blood samples, and expired gases, will be collected during and after exercise. The study will have two identical testing visits, separated by at least a week, with participants consuming different beverages to assess their impact on cognitive function and exercise performance.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTCaffeine-Based Energy Drink
Energy drink with 200 mg caffeine
OTHERPlacebo
Placebo
Sponsors
Lindenwood University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
All energy drink supplements are provided in identical, unlabeled cans, using a randomization code.
Intervention model description
Double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male or female participants between 18 - 50 years of age * Signed informed consent * Healthy defined as currently not being treated for an active cardiac, pulmonary, metabolic, immunological, neurological, respiratory, orthopedic, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, or reproductive disease or disorder. With the research team and principal investigator's discretion, some ongoing treatments will be permitted if a determination is made that the treatment will not increase the risk of study participation and the treatment will not confound with desired study outcomes * Physically active which is defined as performing aerobic or resistance-based physical exercise between 2 and 5 times per week * Moderate caffeine users (\ 300 mg/day) * Body mass index values will range from \>24.0 to \< 31.9 kg/m2. The average body mass index for the entire study cohort will be less than 31.99 kg/m2. As such, an ongoing calculation of the recruited cohort's mean body mass index will be maintained and people will only be randomized into the study if the average cohort body mass index value does not exceed 31.99 kg/m2 * Willing and able to agree to the requirements and restrictions of this study, be willing to give voluntary consent, and carry out all study-related procedures
Exclusion criteria
* Body mass index \> 31.9 kg/m2 * Positive medical history and/or is currently being treated for some form of heart or cardiovascular, neurological impairment, disease or condition, immune disorder or disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease, renal failure, regular dialysis, liver disease, or other diagnosed hepatic impairment * Diagnosed with having Type I or Type II diabetes (determined as fasting blood glucose \> 126 mg/dL) * Diagnosed with major affective disorder or other psychiatric disorder that required hospitalization in the prior year * History of cancer (except localized skin cancer without metastases or in situ cervical cancer within 5 years prior to screening visit). * Participant has an abnormality or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract precluding swallowing (e.g., dysphagia) and digestion (e.g., known intestinal malabsorption, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, steatorrhea) * Currently prescribed statin drugs (i.e., Lipitor, Livalo, Crestor, Zocor, etc.) or any hypertension medications (i.e., Beta-blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Alpha-blockers, Vasodilators, etc.) or any other medication at the discretion of the principal investigator * Current smoker (\>10 cigarettes per day) * Participants who are lactating, pregnant, or planning to become pregnant * History of alcohol or substance abuse in the 6 months prior to screening * Receipt or use of an investigational product in another research study within 60 days of beginning the study protocol * Any condition or abnormality that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the safety of the participant or the quality of the study data * Extensive travel (\>1 month) that will disrupt the original outline of the study protocol
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on fat oxidation rates during exercise. | 150 minutes during exercise | Fat oxidation rate (grams/min) during exercise |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on plasma free fatty acid concentration | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Plasma free fatty acid concentration |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on reaction time | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Simple/ choice reaction time |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on trail making test performance | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Trail making test |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on Cognition | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Serial 7 Cognitive processing test |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on energy expenditure rates during exercise. | 150 minutes during exercise | Energy expenditure (kcals/min) |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on carbohydrate oxidation during exercise | 150 minutes during exercise | Carbohydrate oxidation rates (grams/min) |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on plasma glycerol concentration | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Plasma glycerol concentration |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on ratings of perceived exertion | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on exercise performance | 150 minutes after intervention ingestion | Cycling time trial |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on blood pressure | 3 weeks | Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on heart rate | 3 weeks | Heart rate (bpm) |
| Impact of a caffeine-based energy drink ingestion on adverse events | 3 weeks | Self-reported adverse events |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed