Postpartum Complication
Conditions
Keywords
Breast engorgement, manual lymphatic drainage, therapeutic ultrasound, pain, self-efficacy, post - partum women.
Brief summary
To find the combined effects of the manual lymphatic drainage with therapeutic ultrasound on breast engorgement, pain and self-efficacy in post - partum women.
Interventions
OTHERMANUAL LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
MLD was performed after the moist heating of 10 minutes in supine position with both knees bent. It will start from the abdominal lymph drainage followed by the central lymph drainage. Then, by stimulating the bilateral axillary lymph nodes, the flow of the fluid was directed to the axillary lymph node. Each session lasted for approximately 45 minutes, for 7 days
OTHERTHERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND
The participants of group B will receive a treatment of manual lymphatic drainage and ultrasound after the moist heat of 10 minutes. After MLD of 45 minutes, ultrasound will be performed in small circular pattern from periphery to the center towards the areola with following parameters: Mode: pulsed, Frequency: 1MHz, Intensity: 1W/cm2, Time: 8 minutes. Treatment was given for 7 consecutive days
Sponsors
Riphah International University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Both primiparous or multiparous breastfeeding women * BMI: ≤30-≥25 (14) * Immediate puerperium with normal or C - section non-premature childbirth (19) * Postnatal lactating mother with symptoms of breast engorgement
Exclusion criteria
* any breast infection, abscess, mastitis, breast cancer * torn/bleeding or crack nipples * any skin condition like dermatitis, psoriasis etc * non-lactating mothers * having heart pacemaker
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale - VAS | 7th day | VAS is an effective rule is measuring the pain score. It ranges from 0 -10 cm line scale with the following description; 0 cm = no pain 1 - 3 cm = mild pain 4 - 7 cm = moderate pain 8 - 10 cm = severe pain (20). When assessing the validity of VAS, a good-to-excellent correlation was found (r = 0.941), this scale had excellent test-retest reliability. The intra - class correlation coefficients of the VAS was 0.97 |
| Six Point Engorgement Scale - SPE | 7th day | Six point engorgement scale was the scale for the determination of the breast engorgement. The reliability of tool engorgement was 0.948 (22). The score of this scale ranges from 1 - 6. Every score has a following description; 1. = no changes in breast / soft breast 2. = slight changes in breast 3. = firm but no breast tenderness 4. = firm with starting breast tenderness 5. = tender and firm 6. = very tender and very firm |
| Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - BSES | 7th day | It includes the 14 items that measure the confidence of the breastfeeding. The divergent validity of the BSES-SF was proved via a significant negative correlation with scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (r = - 0.273, P \< 0.001). In sum, BSES-SF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed