Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, Infant and Young Child Feeding, Infants and Young Children
Conditions
Keywords
Total energy expenditure, Fat mass, Fat-free mass, Doubly-labelled water, Children aged 6-24 months, Infant and young child feeding
Brief summary
This project is a collaboration between International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), FAO Regional Office for Asia and The Pacific, and Mahidol University, Thailand to carry out the study on doubly-labeled water for assessment of total energy expenditure and body composition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months old. Thailand conducted a longitudinal study with participation from 4 other countries, namely, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam, in undertaking the same assessments in a cross-sectional design.
Detailed description
The current international recommendations on energy requirements for children aged 6-24 months were established based on data from the Western populations. More human data of healthy children from the developing countries where the living conditions may not be as favourable for child growth and development would be needed to ascertain the validity of the global recommendation. The role of the doubly-labelled water (DLW) technique in measuring total daily energy expenditure to derive energy requirements for humans was also highlighted. Low and middle income countries in Asian countries have undergone the nutrition transition and malnutrition on both ends of the spectrum emerge as significant nutrition challenges during this critical period of growth. Unfortunately, data on body composition, i.e., the relative amounts of fat and lean or fat-free tissue which constitutes quality normal growth beyond anthropometric measurements are scarce. These data will also be needed to guide the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) recommendations for good nutrition and health and to prevent all forms of malnutrition in the region. This project addressed the need to fill the information gap for the region, and potentially be included for making revision on energy requirement recommendations for infants and young children (IYC) for Asia and beyond. Building on the previous technical cooperation between institutions in Southeast and South Asia with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on stable isotopic techniques for health and nutrition well-being, this project is a collaboration between IAEA, FAO Regional Office for Asia and The Pacific, and Mahidol University, Thailand to carry out the study on doubly-labeled water for assessment of total energy expenditure and body composition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months old. Thailand conducted a longitudinal study with participation from 4 other countries, namely, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam, in undertaking the same assessments in a cross-sectional design.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention
No intervention
Sponsors
Mahidol University
International Atomic Energy Agency
National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH)
Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Philippines
FAO
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
OTHER
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Months to 24 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
for Mothers: * Being aged \>18 y old * Being non-smoker * Gestational age at delivery 37-41weeks * Belonging to the major ethnicity of the country * Having any socio-economic status * Willing to sign informed written consent Inclusion Criteria for Infants: * Healthy baby * Full term * Having birth weight between 2.5 and 4.0 kg * Height-for-age Z score and weight-for-height Z score at or above -2SD * Being exclusively or predominantly breast-fed for at least 3 months
Exclusion criteria
for Mothers: * Mothers: having chronic diseases, e.g., gestational diabetes were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Energy Expenditure | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Total Energy Expenditure assessed using doubly labelled water (DLW) technique |
| Body composition | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Body composition assessed using doubly labelled water (DLW) technique |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Body weight of infants in kilograms |
| Length | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Lenght of infants in centimeters |
| Head circumference | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Head circumference of infants in centimeters |
| Mid-upper arm circumference | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Mid-upper arm circumference of the left arm in centimeters |
| Triceps skinfold thickness | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Triceps skinfold thickness of the left arm in millimeters |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | Subscapular skinfold thickness of the left side in millimeters |
| Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | IYCF indicators were determined using the IYCF questionnaire IYCF practices were assessed using the IYCF , breast milk intake, dietary intake |
| Dietary intake | assessed at aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 months | 24-hr recall was administered for 3 days to obtain nutrient intakes from breast milk and diet |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORTippawan Pongcharoen, PhD
Mahidol University
Outcome results
None listed