Healthy Volunteers
Conditions
Keywords
Interval Exercise, Mindfulness, Executive function, Brain function, Children
Brief summary
The goal of this randomized cross-over trial is to learn about the effect of a single bout of 20-min mindfulness-based high-intensity interval training (MF-HIIT), MF-only, and HIIT-only in relative to sitting rest on executive function (EF) in 10-12 years old children. The main question it aims to answer are: Question 1: Whether a single bout of 20-min MF-HIIT has larger beneficial effect on EF performance than that following a 20-min session of MF-only and HIIT-only in relative to the sitting rest Question 2: Whether a single bout of 20-min MF-HIIT has a larger beneficial effect on brain functioning, as measured by the N2 and P3 components of event-related potential (ER) during EF performance than that following a 20-min session of MF-only and HIIT-only in relative to the sitting rest Participants will visit the laboratory on 5 separate days (\> 2-day washout between days) in which they have not previously participated in structured physical activities. Participants will complete the testing and/or receive treatments below: Day 1: * Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT) to assess intelligence quotient * Treadmill-based exercise test to measure cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption) Days 2-5 * Each day, participants will complete each of the four intervention conditions (MF-HIIT, MF-only, HIIT-only, sitting) * Participants' heart rate and self-reported affect and rating of physical exertion will be measured * Participants will complete a modified flanker task and a task-switching task to assess inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility * Participants will wear an EEG cap to measure the N2 and P3 components of the event-related potential during the inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility performance Researcher will compare the cognitive outcome measures following the MF-HIIT, MF-only, and HIIT-only conditions with the sitting condition to see if MF and HIIT has beneficial effects on children's EF. Further, researcher will compare the cognitive outcome measures following the MF-HIIT compared with MF-only and HIIT-only conditions to see if combining MF with HIIT has greater beneficial effects on children's EF than MF and HIIT alone.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMF-HIIT
A single bout of 20-min MF-HIIT protocol delivered through a motor-driven treadmill. The protocol will start with a 1.5-min warm-up, then a 16.5-min main exercise (6 x 90s exercise intervals separated by 5 x 90s mindful intervals), and finally a 2-min cool-down.
BEHAVIORALMF-only
A single bout of 20-min intervention mindfulness intervention that includes 5 x 90s mindful intervals separated by sitting rest
BEHAVIORALHIIT-only
A single bout of 20-min HIIT protocol delivered through a motor-driven treadmill. The protocol will start with a 1.5-min warm-up, then a 16.5-min main exercise (6 x 90s exercise intervals separated by 5 x 90s rest intervals), and finally a 2-min cool-down.
BEHAVIORALSitting rest
Participants will sit in a comfortable chair, placed on the treadmill, while watching a HIIT video without mindfulness instructions for 20 minutes.
Sponsors
Purdue University
University of Oregon
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
10 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age between 10-12 years old * Intelligence Quotient ≥ 85 * Capable of performing exercise based on pre-participation health screening * No formal diagnosis of cognitive disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurological diseases (e.g., epilepsy)
Exclusion criteria
* Age outside of the range of 10-12 years old * Intelligence Quotient \< 85 * No capable of performing exercise based on pre-participation health screening * Has formal diagnosis of cognitive disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurological diseases (e.g., epilepsy)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Inhibition speed | At the baseline before and about 10-min after the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | Inhibition speed will be assessed by the response time (ms) during a child-friendly flanker task. |
| Inhibition accuracy | At the baseline before and about 10-min after the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | Inhibition accuracy will be assessed by the response accuracy (%) during a child-friendly flanker task. |
| Shifting speed | At the baseline before and about 10-min after the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | The shifting speed will be assessed by the response time (ms) during a child-friendly switching task. |
| Shifting accuracy | At the baseline before and about 10-min after the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | The shifting accuracy will be assessed by the response accuracy (%) during a child-friendly switching task. |
| N2-ERP | At the baseline before and about 10-min after the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | The N2 component of event-related brain potentials is a neuroelectric index of conflict processing. Increased amplitude of N2 reflects increased neural activation to detect and resolve conflicts. |
| P3-ERP | At the baseline before and about 10-min after the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | The P3 component of event-related brain potentials is a neuroelectric index of attention. Increased amplitude of P3 reflects greater allocation of attentional resources and the decreased latency of P3 reflects the faster information processing speed. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMSPA) | Immediately after completing the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | A developmentally-appropriate and validated 12-item, 5-point Likert scaled (0-4), instrument to measure self-reported mindfulness state in children aged above 10 years old. This measure will serve as a manipulation check on mindfulness induction during each of the 4 intervention conditions. |
| Rating of perceived exertion | Measure at 0 second, 90 seconds, 180 seconds, 270 seconds, 360 seconds, 450 seconds, 540 seconds, 630 seconds, 720 seconds, 810 seconds, 900 seconds, 990 seconds, 1080 seconds and 1200 seconds of the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | The 10-point Children's OMNI rating of perceived exertion will be used as a manipulation check on the intensity of prescribed exercise for the school-based programs as well as the laboratory-based acute interventions. |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured at every minute (minutes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...., 18, 19, 20) during the 20-min intervention on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5. | Heart rate will serve as a manipulation check on the intensity of prescribed exercise. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTShih-Chun Kao, PhD
Outcome results
None listed