Stroke
Conditions
Keywords
Stroke, Diaphragmatic thickening fraction, Sternocleidomastoid muscles, Inspiratory pressures
Brief summary
This is a cross-sectional study to determine the optimal inspiratory muscle training (IMT) intensity for stroke survivors. Participants will breathe through a pressure threshold inspiratory loading device with varying loads in random order. Each IMT intensity protocol consists of 10 breaths. During the test, accessory inspiratory muscle activity will be measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) and diaphragm thickness will be used to assessed with ultrasonography. Repeated-measures ANOVA will be used for statistical analysis to determine the most effective training intensity for future study.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTVarious intensities of inspiratory muscle training
Each participant will be asked to perform the lung function test to measure the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) after including the study. After the baseline measurement, all participants will be requested to use a nose clip to hold the nose and breathe with the mouth through a pressure threshold inspiratory loading device (POWERbreathe, KH2, England). The inspiratory pressure will be set at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of their MIP, in random order. Each MIP intensity protocol consists of 10 breaths. Resting will be allowed between different protocols of contraction intensity (% MIP). During the test, sternocleidomastoid muscle activity will be measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) and diaphragm thickness will be used to assessed with ultrasonography.
Sponsors
Shenzhen Second People's Hospital
Hong Kong Metropolitan University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Recruitment of participants after a stroke: The inclusion criteria are: * clinical diagnosis of ischemic and/or hemorrhagic stroke. * age ≥ 18 years. * duration of stroke ranges from 1 month to 12 months after diagnosis. * had no facial palsy, which could prevent proper labial occlusion. * had not undergone thoracic or abdominal surgery. * could understand and follow the verbal instruction. * stable cardiac conditions. * no previous history of respiratory problems. The
Exclusion criteria
are: * acute myocardial infarction or acute heart failure. * acute pain on chest or abdominal. * with the clinical signs of significant pulmonary disease. * consciousness impaired. * patient with nasal feeding tube, tracheal tube and/or any condition, which prevent the measurement or training. Recruitment of healthy participants: The inclusion criteria are: * age ≥ 18 years. * had not undergone thoracic or abdominal surgery. * no previous history of respiratory problems. The
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diaphragmatic thickening fraction | Data will be measured at baseline and at the end of each inspiratory muscle training intensity protocol; | Diaphragmatic thickening fraction is determined by (thickness of the diaphragm at end inspiratory - thickness at end expiratory)/thickness at end expiratory. Diaphragmatic thickness will be measured by ultrasonography. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle activation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | Data will be measured at baseline and at the end of each inspiratory muscle training intensity protocol; | Surface electromyography will be used to measure accessory inspiratory muscle (sternocleidomastoid muscles) activity during each inspiratory muscle training intensity protocol. |
| Perceived Exertion Borg scale | Data will be measured at the end of each inspiratory muscle training intensity protocol; | This is a vertical scale quantified from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no symptoms, and 10 represents the maximum symptoms. The Borg score provides an individual measurement of the exercise intensity. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed