Motivation
Conditions
Brief summary
Study 1 will use a novel Game Show task, in which the investigators manipulate participant's agency to control their learning environment to specify unguided exploration.
Detailed description
Study 1 will use a novel Game Show task, in which the investigators manipulate participant's agency to control their learning environment to specify unguided exploration. In the encoding session, participants play the producer for a game show. On each trial, participants are shown a trial-unique contestant (2s), and then they select one of 3 presented doors to reveal a hidden object (4 seconds). The selected door is then highlighted (2-4s), which is then removed to show a trial-unique object image, which is framed as a prize (2s). On exploration trials, participants actively select which door to open. On control trials, the participant is forced to select a highlighted door, fostering passive rather than active information seeking. Unbeknownst to participants, there is no relationship between selected doors and revealed objects, as objects are pre-selected for each trial. Thus, timing, motor demands, and visual information are fixed across conditions. Participants will complete 3 runs of both the exploration and control condition, with each run containing 20 trials. Temporal jitters are placed between cues and outcomes and between trials, as determined by design optimization software77. Run will be pseudo-randomized across participants so no more than 2 runs of the same condition will appear in a row. Following encoding, participants will complete immediate and delayed item-associative memory test. On each trial of the memory test, participants will view the characters presented during exploration and control trials as well as new foil characters. If a participant indicates that they have previously seen a character before, the participants will be shown three object images encountered during encoding, and decide which item served as a prize for that specific character. In this way, the investigators can resolve memory for contestants (i.e., cues), and associative binding across contestants and prizes (i.e., cue-outcome). Participants memory will be tested for half the stimuli immediately and at a 24-hour delay.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALTask Instructions
Participants will be given cued instructions as to whether they are in a high or low motivation condition
Sponsors
Temple University
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 20/40 far acuity (either corrected or uncorrected) * In good medical health
Exclusion criteria
* History of head injury * History of illness with Central Nervous Systems implications * On Medications that Affect blood flow response and alertness * Consumption of smoking and/or coffee 30 minutes prior to laboratory testing * Placement of a device contraindicated for magnetic resonance imaging including cardia pacemaker, aneurysm clip, cochlear implants, pregnancy, intra-uterine device, shrapnel, metal fragments in the eyes, neurostimulators * Weight \> 250lbs * Claustrophobia
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mesolimbic-hippocampal Interactions | During Procedure | Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation characterizing mesolimbic-hippocampal interactions as queried using representational simliarity analysis across these two regions of interest. In this analysis, we explore the pattern similarity within the same set of regions (mesolimbic and hippocampal regions) across different trial types. In this way the standard unit for these values reflect a correlation that is summarized by a standardized beta-value extracted from a nested mixed effects model. |
| Episodic Memory | 24-hours, we administered our memory test 24 hours after the first session but this is the first time we are administering this test. | Item and Associative memory for memoranda shown during the task. This measure reflects the percent of memory test retrieval trials in which participants were able to successfull remember an item and its associated features compared across a high and low reward condition. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Recruitment Status: Completed Study Start Date: October 25, 2023 Primary Completion Date: February 09, 2024 Study Completion Date: February 09, 2024 Enrollment (Actual): 76 participants Study Locations: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Pre-assignment details
Of the 76 participants that were recruiteted, 0 were excluded prior to assignment.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 76 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 12 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 51 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 76 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 46 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 30 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 74 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 74 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 74 |
Outcome results
None listed