Liver Resection for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Impaired Liver Function

Before TACE, hepatic arteriography was performed to evaluate the vascular anatomy and tumour vascularity. During TACE, a vascular catheter was selectively inserted into the tumour-feeding artery with an injection containing a mixture of doxorubicin (10-50 mg) and lipiodol (2-20 mL), followed by embolisation using gelatin sponge particles. TACE was repeated when residual viable tumours were confirmed or new lesions developed in patients with adequate liver function. Laboratory assessments were performed every four to six weeks. Radiological evaluation using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recommended during weeks 4 and 8 after treatment and every 8 weeks thereafter. However, in clinical practice, the intensity of follow-up depends on an individual's baseline characteristics and response to the last treatment.