The "CAD-Man" EXTEND Study

Coronary Artery Disease

CAD-Man Extend is the long-term follow-up (clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography (CT) imaging) of a single-center, randomized, controlled CAD-Man trial comparing a CT-first strategy with a direct- invasive coronary angiography (ICA) diagnostic and management strategy, in 329 patients clinically referred for ICA with atypical angina or chest pain. Overall goal: The extension of CAD-Man follow-up (clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging) to approximately 10 years will provide the opportunity to compare plaque burden with CT-guided management versus direct-ICA at long-term and other endpoints.

The CAD-Man (Coronary Artery Disease Management with Multislice Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Atypical Angina Pectoris) trial evaluated whether computed tomography (CT) or invasive coronary angiography (ICA) should be performed in patients clinically referred for coronary angiography with an intermediate probability of coronary artery disease. Patients with suspected CAD were randomized 1:1 ratio to CT, followed by ICA if positive for obstructive CAD, or to direct ICA. In both tests, obstructive CAD was defined as at least a 50% diameter stenosis in the left main coronary artery or at least a 70% diameter stenosis in other coronary arteries. Investigators and participants were blinded to randomization sequence but could not be blinded to the assigned group because of the apparent differences between CT and ICA. Independent investigators, who were blinded to the randomization group and were not part of the study team, anonymously assessed outcomes. Results on the comparative effectiveness of CT and ICA in preventing the primary outcome of major procedural complications within 48 hours of the last procedure and major adverse events (defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) were published for a median follow-up of 3.3 years. The primary results and additional subgroup analyses of the CAD-Man trial led to three new hypotheses that will be evaluated in the CAD-Man Extend study. 1. Main hypothesis: Whether CT-guided management of patients with atypical angina results in a reduction in coronary plaque burden (as determined by repeat CT scan) compared with direct-ICA management until 10 years. 2. Secondary hypothesis: 1\. Whether clinical characteristics or blood levels and lipid-lowering medications have an impact on intraindividual progression of coronary plaques in patients in the CT group. 2\. Whether primary CT examination in patients with atypical angina leads to a reduction in chronic impairment of renal function after 10-years compared with initial ICA examination.

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