Glycopyrrolate
Conditions
Keywords
Glycopyrrolate, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Autonomic nervous system
Brief summary
Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic medication commonly used in respiratory medicine for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, and other conditions . In the perioperative period, it is often administered before anesthesia to reduce secretions in the salivary glands, bronchi, and pharynx . It is used during the recovery period to counteract the muscarinic effects of anticholinesterase inhibitors and can also be employed to prevent/treat vagal reflexes and related arrhythmias induced by surgery or medications . Heart rate (HR) is influenced by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The baseline HR of different patients may vary due to differing levels of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity within the body. It remains unclear whether patients with different baseline HRs exhibit varying degrees of HR elevation after the administration of glycopyrrolate(i.e.,the parasympathetic activity in vivo is antagonized). The primary aim of this study is to explore the impact of glycopyrrolate administration on HR in patients with different baseline HRs. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of glycopyrrolate on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with different baseline HR.
Interventions
DRUGGlycopyrrolate
At the timepoint of 10 min after operation beginning (T1), the basic HR, MAP and the HRV frequency indexes were recorded. Then glycopyrrolate 0.006 mg/kg was injected intravenously in Group L.
Sponsors
Zhuan Zhang
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 1.Weight not restricted; 2.American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II; 3.The operative time≥1 h; 4.Undergoing orthopedic or urological surgery.
Exclusion criteria
* 1.allergy to glycopyrrolate; 2.laparoscopic surgery; 3.liver or kidney dysfunction; 4.pre-existing abnormal electrocardiogram such as bradycardia; 5.concomitant glaucoma; 6.patients refusal to participate.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The maximum increase of HR | before induction of general anesthesia; 10 min after operation beginning; 30 min after glycopyrrolate injection | Calculation of the maximum increase of HR (∆HR): The increase in heart rate (HR) at 30 minutes after the administration of glycopyrrolate (T2) compared to 10 minutes after the start of surgery (T1) was calculated as the maximum increase of HR. |
| the maximum increase ratio of HR | before induction of general anesthesia; 10 min after operation beginning; 30 min after glycopyrrolate injection | The maximum increase ratio of HR =∆HR/\[HR at T1\]) . |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| HRV frequency indexes | before induction of general anesthesia; 10 min after operation beginning; 30 min after glycopyrrolate injection | HRV frequency indexes included Low frequency power (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz), High frequency power (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) and LF/HF. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed