Breast Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this observational study is to engage with multilevel stakeholders to collaboratively and to systematically develop a suite of strategies for implementing breast cancer screening using clinical breast examination (CBE) in the primary health centers within the catchment area of Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (Bara Hospital), Johannesburg, South Africa. The main questions it aims to answer are: What barriers and facilitators exist to conducting screening CBE in Soweto's primary care setting and what implementation strategies would support CBE in primary care clinics? Participants will: * Allow observation of study clinic workflows * Participate in focus group discussions regarding screening CBE implementation
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
Yale University
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
In order to be eligible for inclusion in the focus group discussions held with screening CBE adopters and implementers, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Be an employee or volunteer working at a participating PHC OR Be an employee or volunteer working at South Africa's National Department of Health OR Be an employee or volunteer working with a non-governmental organization that performs breast cancer related activities within the catchment area of a participating PHC 2. Be willing to commit to keeping the content of focus group discussions confidential In order to be eligible for inclusion in the focus group discussions held with screening CBE recipients, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Be female 2. Be between the ages of 40 and 65 years 3. Be living within the catchment area of a participating PHC 4. Be willing to commit to keeping the content of focus group discussions confidential
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Implementation Strategies Suite | 2 years | A collection of strategies for implementing routine screening clinical breast examination in Soweto's primary care clinics. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Domain Characteristics | 2 years | Characteristics of routine clinical breast examination itself that are potential barriers and facilitators to screening implementation |
| Inner Setting Domain Characteristics | 2 years | Characteristics of the primary care clinics that are potential barriers and facilitators to screening implementation |
| Change Matrices | 2 years | Matrices for all individuals relevant to implementation that define performance objectives and corresponding performance determinants |
| Individuals Domain Characteristics | 2 years | Characteristics of individuals involved in screening that are potential barriers and facilitators to screening implementation |
| Implementation Domain Characteristics | 2 years | Characteristics of activities and strategies used to implement screening that are potential barriers and facilitators to screening implementation |
| Outer Setting Domain Characteristics | 2 years | Characteristics of both the community surrounding the clinics and the district-wide health system that are potential barriers and facilitators to screening implementation |
Countries
South Africa
Outcome results
None listed