Female Athlete Triad
Conditions
Keywords
Energy Deficiency, Eccentric Exercise, Athletic Performans
Brief summary
Energy availability (EA) refers to the balance between daily energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Athletically inadequate EA is defined as low energy availability (LEA). Energy deficits occur throughout life, from young athletes with a relative lack of energy in sports or the female athlete triad to older adults struggling with weight loss. Acute and/or chronic LEA can cause negative athletic and health outcomes in athletes. It is known that LEA, as an energy saving mechanism, suppresses the reproductive system and causes disruption of the menstrual cycle, as well as causing many interrelated endocrine-related physiological consequences by changing other hormonal pathways. Menstrual dysfunction due to LEA causes various risks as it can disrupt the EC during training and competition. Therefore, low EA may contribute to poor sports performance due to detrimental endocrine effects. Various parameters such as body mass and nutritional intake affect the performance of athletes, and LEA is frequently reported among athletes with intense training programs. LEA combined with high training volumes; It can cause negative consequences such as impaired protein synthesis/degradation rate, impaired hormonal and training response, increased risk of fatigue, and these can lead to decreased performance. Resting metabolic rate, which indicates the energy expended for basic body functions, is considered a potential objective indicator of energy availability. Regulation of dietary energy intake in the management of LEA in athletes covers a wide area in the literature. However, LEA is caused not only by a deficiency in energy intake but also by an excess in energy expenditure. In the light of this information, the aim of the study is to examine the acute period effects of the training program in which exercise energy expenditure is reduced in terms of energy availability and athletic performance.
Detailed description
Voluntary participants who have been diagnosed with energy deficiency will be included in the study. Signed voluntary consent will be obtained from participants. Participants will be divided into two groups. Study groups will be as follows: a) Modified Training, b) Routine Training.
Interventions
OTHERModified Training Programme
Eccentric muscle contractions and 3-minute rest breaks will be used.
OTHERRoutine Training Programme
A routine training program will be used.
Sponsors
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The investigator administering the treatment and the investigator performing the evaluations will be different. The evaluator will not know about the interventions that the participants received.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 18- 35 years old female gender * Body mass index being less than 18.50-24.99 kg/m2 * Having a energy deficiency * Been interested in basketball professionally for at least one year * Must be training with the team at least 3 days a week * Performance levels should be 3-4
Exclusion criteria
* Having a history of any fracture in the last year * Having had a sports injury in the last 8 months * Having had an infectious disease in the last 6 months being a smoker * Getting 2 or more points from the SCOFF survey * Having been using any medication regularly for the last 6 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Availability | change from baseline pain at 2 weeks | The underlying etiology of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports is low energy availability, which occurs when dietary energy intake is inadequate for an athlete's physical activity level. Energy availability = Energy Intake (kcal) - Exercise Energy Expenditure (kcal/fat - free mass \[fat free mass; kg\]) |
| Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports Clinical Assessment Tool (RED-S CAT) | 3 times for 2 weeks | It is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate athletes or active individuals with suspected low energy availability and serves as a guide for clinicians and coaches in return-to-play decisions. |
| Running Performance Analysis - Biomechanics | 3 times for 2 weeks | Performance analysis will be performed on a 10-meter platform with DigitSole in order to evaluate the biomechanics. |
| Running Performance Analysis - Running Speed | 3 times for 2 weeks | Performance analysis will be performed on a 10-meter platform with DigitSole in order to evaluate the running speed. |
| Running Performance Analysis - Economy of the Running | 3 times for 2 weeks | Performance analysis will be performed on a 10-meter platform with DigitSole in order to evaluate the economy of the athlete's running activity. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Levels | 3 times for 2 weeks | Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function. |
| Vertical Jump | 3 times for 2 weeks | The athlete will be positioned in a standing vertical position, with his feet shoulder-width apart. The athlete will reach the highest point he can in the vertec and this point will be considered the zero point. It will be asked to jump 3 times on a force plate to the highest level it can jump and the highest value will be recorded. |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Levels | 3 times for 2 weeks | Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function. |
| thyroid stimulating Hormone Levels | 3 times for 2 weeks | Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function. |
| Luteinizing Hormone Levels | 3 times for 2 weeks | Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function. |
| Follicle-stimulating Hormone Levels | 3 times for 2 weeks | Low energy availability is a condition that suppresses and disrupts hormonal function. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
Primary ContactAyşenur Erekdağ, MSc
Outcome results
None listed