Appetitive Behavior, Energy Balance, Food Reward, Menstruation
Conditions
Keywords
Early follicular phase, Mid-luteal phase
Brief summary
The study aims to provide insights into how menstrual cycle phases impact appetite responses to resistance exercise in young women. Healthy young women will participate in four trials: the exercise session in the follicular phase, the exercise session in the luteal phase, the control session in the follicular phase, and the control session in the luteal phase. Various measurements will be taken, including subjective appetite perceptions, appetite hormones, food preferences, lactate levels, estradiol levels, progesterone levels, and energy intake.
Interventions
OTHERResistance exercise
Resistance exercises in the following order: squat, bench press, deadlift. Each exercise consisted of 3 sets with 7 repetitions, using a load of 70% 1RM with 120sec of rest between sets.
Sponsors
National Taiwan Normal University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age: 20-30 * Healthy female with normal menstruation * Weight stable for at least 6 months
Exclusion criteria
* Overweight (BMI \> 30 kg/m\^2 or body fat \> 30%) * Hypertension (\> 140/90 mmHg) * Cardiovascular disease, cancer or other chronic diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Subjective appetite | 4 hours during each study intervention | The appetite perceptions are obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed include perceptions of hunger (i.e., How hungry do you feel?), satisfaction (i.e., How satisfied do you feel?), fullness (i.e., How full do you feel?), prospective food consumption (i.e., How much do you think you can eat?), and nausea (i.e., How nauseous do you feel?), with 0 indicating not at all and 100 signifying extremely.. |
| Change in acyl-Ghrelin | 4 hours during each study intervention | acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL |
| Change in total-Ghrelin | 4 hours during each study intervention | total-Ghrelin in pg/mL |
| Change in PYY | 4 hours during each study intervention | PYY in pg/mL |
| Change in active-GLP-1 | 4 hours during each study intervention | active-GLP-1 in pg/mL |
| Change in total-GLP-1 | 4 hours during each study intervention | total-GLP-1 in pg/mL |
| Change in lactate | 4 hours during each study intervention | insulin in mmol/L |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in glucose | 4 hours during each study intervention | glucose in mg/dL |
| Change in insulin | 4 hours during each study intervention | insulin in mU/L |
| Explicit liking | 4 hours during each study intervention | A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm is utilized to evaluate the question, How pleasant would it be to taste some of this food now? with 0 indicating not at all and 100 signifying extremely. |
| Energy intake | 3 days during each study intervention | Participants will be required to record their diet for the day before, the current day, and the day following the experiment. |
| Sex hormones | 4 hours during each study intervention | Sex hormones will be measured, such as estrogen and progesterone |
| Explicit wanting | 4 hours during each study intervention | A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm is utilized to evaluate the question, How much do you want some of this food now? with 0 indicating not at all and 100 signifying extremely. |
| Implicit wanting | 4 hours during each study intervention | Participants are given a set of food image pairs and are asked to select their preference by answering the question, Which food do you desire the most at the moment?. The implicit wanting calculation involves further consideration of response time data based on preference choices using a standardized equation. |
| Relative preference | 4 hours during each study intervention | Participants are given a set of food image pairs and are asked to select their preference by answering the question, Which food do you desire the most at the moment?. The relative preference is the sum of the times each type of food is chosen, with a maximum value of 48 and a minimum value of 0. |
| Fat appeal bias | 4 hours during each study intervention | Fat preference (high or low) is calculated by subtracting the mean low-fat scores from the mean high-fat scores. Positive values suggest a preference for high-fat foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for low-fat or savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between fat content. |
| Taste appeal bias | 4 hours during each study intervention | Taste preference (savoury or sweet) is calculated by subtracting the mean savory scores from the mean sweet scores. Positive values suggest a preference for sweet foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between taste categories. |
| Change in TG | 4 hours during each study intervention | TG in mg/dL |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed