The Tany Vao Project.

Malnutrition

Malnutrition, Double burden of malnutrition, Sub Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Eating habits, Nutritional knowledge, Nutritional status, Rural areas

The TANY VAO project pilot study aimed to create a circular and sustainable model with a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach to improve the health conditions of Madagascar's population living in rural areas. This is through an integrated approach in the areas of wash and sanitation, agriculture, nutrition and clean cooking. This project consisted of two phases: first an observational phase (Work Package 1, WP1) and secondarily an interventional phase (Work Package 2, WP2). Here is described the nutritional protocol as part of the multidisciplinary study. The nutritional activities were conducted by the Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (LDNC) of the University of Pavia.

The TANY VAO project pilot study aims to create a circular and sustainable model with a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach to improve the health conditions of Madagascar's population living in rural areas. This is through an integrated approach in the areas of wash and sanitation, agriculture, nutrition and clean cooking. Here is described the nutritional protocol as part of the multidisciplinary study. The TANY VAO project was conducted on the island of Nosy Mitsio, 20 miles west of Madagascar, in the villages of Ampanitosoha and Bevoko (western part of the island) on a group of women of childbearing age and their children. Participants of this study were women of childbearing age (14-49 years old), pregnant or not, and their male or female children/adolescents (2-18 years old) living in the Ampanitosoha and in the Bevoko villages. Focusing on the nutritional activities the main outcome was to improve food knowledge, eating habits and dietary diversity of the population enrolled in the study. The project was composed by two different work packages (WP). WP1: observational phase During this phase researcher were able to catch a picture of the current situation in this specific rural area of Madagascar from a nutritional assessment point of view. Sociodemographic information (religion, civil status, age, educational level) was collected and nutritional knowledge (9-items questionnaire), eating habits (24 hour recall and food frequency), and dietary diversity (minimum dietary diversity index for women) were assessed for women exclusively. A nutritional assessment was conducted for both women and children/adolescents (women: weight, height, abdominal and waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, skin fold; children: weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference). WP2: interventional phase Based on the results of WP1, the interventional activities were defined. The interventional activities were targeted to the local population, according to their educational level and culture and it was composed by a theoretical part and a more practical part. The objective was to improve nutritional knowledge and their awareness about the role of food in connection to the human health. According to the theoretical part: to make the activities more appealing, three informative graphic posters were drafted. The posters provided guidance 1) on food safety and hygiene, 2) on making a complete meal from local foods and practical nutritional advices, and 3) specific indications for the pregnancy and lactation period. According to the practical part: a cooking class activities were conducted, involving women of the Ampanithosa and Bevoko villages. The researchers taught them how to use a bamboo steamer and how to process vegetables, grew up in the organic gardens built by the Kukula team. The activities were carried out in each village thanks to a local enumerators involvement.

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