Anesthesia
Conditions
Brief summary
compare the effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam as a premedication in sedation of preschool children in GI endoscopy
Interventions
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine
Intranasal midazolam
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Children of preschool age (2-6 years old). * American scocity of anaesthesiology (ASA) I - II children. * Expected duration of the procedure is less than 50 minutes.
Exclusion criteria
* Cardiac arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, or hemodynamic or respiratory instability; children at risk for airway obstruction. * Behavioral, mental or developmental abnormality (example: mental retardation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD, Autism, Down syndrome). * Regular intake of either brain stimulant or depressive drugs (example: Methylphenidate, amphetamine-dextroamphetamine and diazepam respectively). * Parent's refusal. * Emergency case. * Allergy to any of the used drugs
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sedation status at separation from the parent | within 30 minutes after drugs administration | Parental separation anxiety scale (PSAS) ,A score of 1-2 was considered satisfactory separation and a score of 3-4 was considered unsatisfactory separation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Onset of sedation | within 30 minutes after drugs administration | Onset of sedation will be recorded according to Modified RAMSAY Sedation Scale when the score reaches 3 points, patient is then ready to be transferred. |
| awakening time | within 15 minutes after end of anaesthesia | recovery time (defined as return of consciousness, recovery of protective air way reflexes and resumption of motor activity) |
| post-operative emergence delirium and agitation. | within 30 minutes from recovery | (PAED) scale: Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales. scale from 0 to 20. higher scores mean a worse outcome |