Alcohol Drinking
Conditions
Brief summary
The primary objective is to evaluate whether alcohol warnings about different topics elicit higher perceived message effectiveness than control messages. The secondary objective is to evaluate whether alcohol warnings about different topics elicit higher reactance than control messages.
Detailed description
Participants will complete a within-subjects online randomized experiment in which they will view and rate messages on the risk of alcohol consumption. Participants will view and rate 12 messages total: 10 warning messages and 2 control messages. They will rate each message on perceived message effectiveness (primary outcome) and message reactance (secondary outcome). The 10 warning messages will be about 5 different warning topics (i.e., 2 messages per topic) and the 2 control messages will be about 1 control topic (2 messages per topic). In this within-subjects experiment, the survey will present the topics in random order and the messages within each topic in random order.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMouth cancer warning
Participants will view messages about the risk of mouth cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALThroat cancer warning
Participants will view messages about the risk of throat cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALVoice box (larynx) warning
Participants will view messages about the risk of voice box (larynx) cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALEsophagus cancer warning
Participants will view messages about the risk of esophagus cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALLiver cancer warning
Participants will view messages about the risk of liver cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALColon and rectum cancer warning
Participants will view messages about the risk of colon and rectum cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALBreast cancer
Participants will view messages about the risk of breast cancer from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALCancer (generic, not site-specific)
Participants will view messages about the risk of cancer (not site-specific) from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALAddiction and neurological changes
Participants will view messages about the risk of addiction and neurological changes from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALHypertension
Participants will view messages about the risk of hypertension from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALLiver damage
Participants will view messages about the risk of liver damage from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALHarm to fetus
Participants will view messages about the risk of harm to a fetus from alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
BEHAVIORALDementia
Participants will view messages about the risk of dementia from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALImpaired sleep
Participants will view messages about the risk of impaired sleep from alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALDrinking guidelines
Participants will view messages about guidelines for alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALControl
Participants will view neutral messages unrelated to the harms of alcohol consumption.
BEHAVIORALRoad injuries
Participants will view messages about the risk of road injuries from alcohol consumption.
Sponsors
Stanford University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age 21 and older * Reside in the United States * Able to complete a survey in English
Exclusion criteria
* Under 21 years of age * Reside outside the United States * Unable to complete a survey in English
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived message effectiveness | The survey will take up to 20 minutes. | The study will assess perceived message effectiveness using 1 item: How much does this message discourage you from wanting to drink alcohol? Response options will range from not at all (coded as 1) to a great deal (coded as 5). Higher scores indicate more perceived message effectiveness. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Reactance | The survey will take up to 20 minutes. | The study will assess reactance using 1 item: Say how much you disagree or agree with this statement: This message exaggerates the health effects of alcohol. Response options will range from strongly disagree (coded as 1) to strongly agree (coded as 5). Higher scores indicate more reactance. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed