Plasma Amino Acid Appearance and Disappearance, Postprandial Metabolic Events
Conditions
Keywords
Postprandial metabolic events
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial metabolic responses to plant-based protein ingredients of different degrees of processing (pea protein concentrate, isolate, and extrudate) and in comparison to whey protein in healthy adults. Therefore, young healthy subjects consume 4 test meals with 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate, pea protein isolate, pea protein extrudate or whey protein in a randomized order. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of protein and glucose metabolism (i.a. plasma amino acids), gastric emptying and hunger/satiety are analysed. It is assumed that the plasma amino acid profile after plant protein ingestion differs depending on processing level of the protein ingredients and in comparison to whey protein.
Detailed description
In a randomized crossover-design, 20 healthy women and men consume 4 test meals containing either 25 g of protein from plant protein ingredients (pea protein concentrate, isolate, or extrudate) or whey protein together with 1 g paracetamol, which is used as a marker for gastric emptying. During a postprandial period of 6 hours parameters of protein metabolism (e.g. amino acids in plasma and urine), glucose metabolism (plasma glucose, serum insulin) and gastric emptying rate (based on plasma paracetamol) are analysed. Furthermore, subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals are assed using visual analogue scales. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.
Interventions
OTHERPea protein concentrate
Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate
OTHERPea protein isolate
Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein isolate
OTHERPea protein extrudate
Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein extrudate
OTHERWhey protein
Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from whey protein
Sponsors
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
University of Bonn, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Sciences
University of Bonn
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* non-smoking * metabolically healthy * normal weight (BMI: 18,5 - 24,9 kg/m2) * written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* pregnancy, lactation * hypo- or hypertension * underweight or overweight/obesity * food intolerances and allergies (especially milk protein, pea, celery) * malabsorption syndromes * gastrointestinal diseases * thyroid diseases * diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 * impaired kidney or liver function * anaemia * blood coagulation disorders * irregular menstrual cycle * endometriosis, severe menstrual problems * hormonal contraception * regular use of medications (especially habitual use of paracetamol or medications that may interact with paracetamol) * hypersensitivity to paracetamol * body weight below 50 kg * alcohol abuse * glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency * Gilbert's syndrome * vegan diet * eating disorders (especially anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) * smoking * participation in another study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Amino acid profile in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of amino acid profile in plasma (nmol/ml) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parameters of protein metabolism in blood II | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of nitrogen (mg/dL) in blood |
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood I | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of glucose (mg/dL and mmol/L) in blood |
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood II | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of insulin (nmol/L and pmol/L) in blood |
| Gastric emptying rate | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of gastric emptying rate based on paracetamol kinetics in blood (µg/mL) |
| Hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Assessment of subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals by validated visual analogue scale questionnaires (e.g., 0 = not hungry at all, 10 = very hungry) |
| Parameters of protein metabolism in blood I | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of urea (mg/dL and mol/L) in blood |
| Copper in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of copper (µg/l) in blood |
| Zinc in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of zinc (µg/l) in blood |
| Iron in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of iron (µg/l) in blood |
| Selenium in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of selenium (µg/l) in blood |
| Amino acid profile in urine | Postprandial period of 5 hours | Analysis of amino acids in urine (nmol/mL) |
| Uric acid in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) | Analysis of uric acid (mg/dL and mmol/L) in blood |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed