Kinesiophobia, Poor Rehabilitation Adherence, Poor Rehabilitation Self Efficacy, Re-injury Anxiety, Return to Sport
Conditions
Keywords
Re-injury anxiety, Adherence, Self-efficacy, Kinesiophobia, psychological readiness to return to sport
Brief summary
In this study, which aimed to develop a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol enriched with Virtual Reality (VR) to address the psychological responses that arise after ACL surgery, and to examine the effectiveness of this protocol. The effectiveness of the protocol was assessed using pre-test, post-test, and two follow-up measurements with the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), the Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI). Anxiety levels during VR exposure sessions were measured through biofeedback and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS).
Detailed description
In this study, which aimed to develop a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol enriched with Virtual Reality (VR) to address the psychological responses that arise after ACL surgery, and to examine the effectiveness of this protocol. The protocol was developed in 5 stages and a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 athletes to test its effectiveness. The study consisted of 3 experimental and 2 control groups. One of the control group was a plasebo control group.The effectiveness of the protocol was assessed using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements with the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), the Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI). Anxiety levels during VR exposure sessions were measured through biofeedback and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS).
Interventions
OTHERCBT+VR (Cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality)
The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.
BEHAVIORALControl (placebo) group
The investigators are testing whether the placebo control protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.
BEHAVIORALVR (Virtual reality)
The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.
The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery.
Sponsors
Hacettepe University
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Volunteering to participate in the study * Have had an ACL injury operation * Be between the ages of 18 and 45 * To be a professional athlete in Turkish leagues * Being an athlete in football, volleyball, and basketball
Exclusion criteria
* Having a discomfort that prevents participants from participating in VR sessions (panic attack, epilepsy, etc.) * Having decided to quit sports even if participants will continue rehabilitation after the operation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | This scale measures re-injury anxiety |
| Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | This scale measures rehabilitation adherence |
| Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | This scale measures Self-Efficacy |
| Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | This scale measures kinesiophobia |
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | This scale was used to assess whether athletes were psychologically ready to return to sport from ACL surgery. |
| Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | This scale was used to assess whether athletes were psychologically ready to return to sport. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
STUDY_DIRECTORZiya Koruç, PhD
Hacettepe University
STUDY_DIRECTORBritton W. Brewer, PhD
Springfield College
Outcome results
None listed