Neurological Rehabilitation, Parkinson Disease, Upper Extremity Dysfunction, Virtual Reality
Conditions
Brief summary
Upper extremities are the first part of the body to be affected by Parkinson's disease. Although studies have shown that virtual reality-assisted rehabilitation methods are effective on gait and balance, studies on their use for upper extremity rehabilitation are limited. For this reason, the aim of the project is to examine whether virtual reality supported upper extremity position matching exercises, which will be specially prepared according to joint ranges of motion, will provide functional improvement in the upper extremities of individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Detailed description
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disorders. Difficulties in using the upper limbs caused by these motor impairments are common with the disease. Upper limb motor impairments in PD include slowness of movement, difficulties in performing sequential tasks and limitations in upper limb function. Studies show that the upper extremities are usually the most affected body region in the early stages of PD. Despite this, the number of rehabilitation methods that can be used for upper extremity rehabilitation is limited. Impairments in upper extremity motor function constitute a leading problem in the lives of individuals with PD by affecting their ability to perform activities of daily living. Virtual reality applications stand out as an innovative approach in neurorehabilitation. Previous studies have reported positive effects of virtual reality on gait function and balance in PD. However, the number of studies designed with virtual reality for the upper limb is limited. Therefore, this project aims to fill the gap in the literature by examining the effectiveness of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in PD with a particular focus on upper extremity motor function and proprioception.
Interventions
OTHERUpper extremity position matching exercises in virtual reality
In addition to conventional treatment approaches for 20 minutes 2 days a week for 8 weeks, joint positioning exercises (4 different game sequences of 4 minutes, 1 minute rest between each sequence, total 20 minutes) designed specifically for the individual's existing range of motion will be applied to the VR group.
OTHERConventional physiotherapy
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques, parkinson-specific upper extremity and balance and gait exercises
Sponsors
Ramazan KURUL
Abant Izzet Baysal University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
the physiotherapist administering the treatment and the physiotherapist performing the assessments will be different people
Intervention model description
2 groups, conventional physiotherapy to the control group
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Accepting to participate in the research * Being diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease by a neurologist * Continuing anti-parkinsonian medication * Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage 3 and below * Ability to walk independently * To have full range of motion in shoulder abduction and elbow extension movements
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of additional neurological diseases other than Parkinson's Disease * Scores below 21 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale * Change in medication dosage in the last 1 month * Severe visual impairment or complete hearing impairment in both ears * Having a rheumatologic, musculoskeletal, etc. disease that may affect upper extremity functions * The occurrence of severe tremors or dyskinesias due to the end of the drug dose * Failing the Titmus butterfly test
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Box and Block Test (BBT) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | The Box and Block Test (BBT) is widely used in neurological rehabilitation to assess upper extremity motor function, gross manual dexterity, and coordination. The test apparatus consists of a partitioned box measuring 53.7 × 25.4 × 8.5 cm and 150 wooden cubes. During administration, the box is placed in front of the participant with the partition aligned to the midline. The participant is instructed to transfer the cubes from one compartment to the other using the test hand as quickly as possible. At the end of the trial, the therapist records the score by counting the number of cubes successfully transferred. |
| Proprioception Assessment | through study completion, an average of 1 year | Position, i.e. proprioceptive sensation, will be evaluated with the "angle repetition test", one of the methods commonly used in the clinic. The person will be positioned in a sitting position with his/her back unsupported and feet touching the floor. The angle repetition test will be performed with a mobile device fixed above the elbow and between the shoulder. The person's eyes will be closed during the assessment to prevent the learning effect and the use of visual reference. After the shoulder is brought to the reference angle, the person is allowed to perceive the angle by waiting 10 seconds. The person will then be asked to bring his/her shoulder to the side of his/her body and then repeat the taught reference angle as he/she perceived it. The absolute value of the angle deviated from the target will be recorded. Measurements in the shoulder joint will be made at 40° and 100° angles. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | through study completion, an average of 1 year | It is the most frequently used, valid and reliable scale for the assessment of impairments and disabilities in PD. It contains 42 items, consists of 4 sections and assesses patients' mental status, behavior and mental state (4 items), activities of daily living (13 items), motor functions (14 items) and treatment complications (11 items), respectively. Mental status; 16 points, activities of daily living; 52 points, motor functions; 108 points and treatment complications; 23 points, totaling 199 points. Higher scores indicate worsening of the patient's condition. An 8-point change in the total score was found to determine minimal clinically significant change. |
| Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire | through study completion, an average of 1 year | It is a questionnaire consisting of a total of 30 questions used to evaluate the ability of the patient with upper extremity problems in activities of daily living and upper extremity functions. The first 21 questions ask about the degree of difficulty in performing various activities of daily living with the dominant limb in the last week, the next 5 questions ask about the degree of pain, numbness, weakness during activities and the last 4 questions ask about the effect of pathologies on sleep, work, social life and psychological status. For each question, the patient marked the appropriate response on a 5-point Likert-type scale. 1 indicates no difficulty, 2 indicates mild difficulty, 3 indicates moderate difficulty, 4 indicates extreme difficulty, and 5 indicates no difficulty at all. The questionnaire is evaluated between 30 and 150 points. |
| Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | The questions in the PDQ-8 assess the condition of the individual in the last 1 month and are scored between 0 (never) and 4 (always). The total score is converted to a 100-point system and a high score indicates a decrease in quality of life. |
| Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) | average 1 year after the completion of the study | The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) is used to assess motivation and satisfaction during task performance. It is a multidimensional questionnaire that evaluates interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, pressure/tension, perceived choice, and value/usefulness. Responses are rated on a Likert scale ranging from "not at all true" to "very true." The total motivation score is calculated by summing the item scores. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORRamazan Kurul, Ph.D
Abant Izzet Baysal University
Outcome results
None listed