Pain, Patient Satisfaction, Periodontal Pocket, Periodontitis, Swelling/ Edema
Conditions
Keywords
pain, dexamethasone, surgical flaps
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of submucosal 8 mg (2 mL) dexamethasone on postoperative pain, swelling, chewing efficiency, trismus, healing, and discomfort after periodontal flap surgery
Detailed description
Periodontitis is an oral inflamatuar disease caused by specific microorganisms, is characterized by attachment loss, alveolar bone resorption, pathological pocket formation. This disease causes deep periodontal pockets associated with deep intrabony defects as well as various clinical problems. For management overcome these problems, various approaches have been proposed in the treatment of periodontitis, including initial periodontal treatment such as scaling and root planing, followed by flap surgery, resective bone surgery and periodontal regeneration when applicable. However, periodontal flap surgery applied in these approaches causes undesirable side effects such as pain and swelling. To overcome these disorders, studies continue to investigate by using various medication regimens include pre, intra or post operative drugs. Dexamethasone is a synthetic steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to control pain, swelling, and inflammation occurring in third molar surgeries, periodontal therapy and periodontal surgeries, implant surgery, and endodontic treatment. In the literature, dexamethasone application is frequently used in oral surgery before or after third molar tooth extraction. There is limited research on dexamethasone applications in periodontal flap surgery. lt has been evaluated the effectiveness of oral use of etoricoxib and dexamethasone in preventing pain after open flap debridement surgery. Some authors used 4 mg dexamethasone tablets before mucoperiosteal flap surgery and reported that the pain level in the dexamethasone group was lower than placebo at the 3rd hour. It has been reported positive results where preferred its use intravenously in the postoperative management of periodontal surgery. However, to the investigators knowledge, there is no study in the literature in which dexamethasone is applied submucosally after periodontal flap surgery. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this study was that submucosal application of dexamethasone in periodontal flap surgery would have a positive effect on pain and patient comfort. In light of all these scientific data, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of submucosal dexamethasone application periodontal flap surgery on postoperative pain, swelling, chewing efficiency, trismus, healing and discomfort.
Interventions
DRUGsubmucosal 8 mg (2 mL) dexamethasone application
The mucoperiosteal flap was applied. After operation, submucosal dexamethasone 8 mg (2 mL) was applied to the operation area as a test group.
DRUGsubmucosal 2 mL 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride application
The mucoperiosteal flap was applied. After operation, 2 mL 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride was applied to the operation area as a control group
Sponsors
Yuzuncu Yil University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. pocket depth ≥5mm; 2. systemically healthy; 3. without drug allergy; 4. without any blood disease; 5. not using medication (anti-platelet, anticoagulant, immunosuppressant medication); 6. received no any periodontal surgery in the last 6 months;
Exclusion criteria
1. poor oral hygiene; 2. smoking; 3. any systemic disease that would affect the surgical operation; 4. problem with the kidneys or adrenal glands; 5. connective tissue disease or immunodeficiency; 6. breastfeeding period or pregnancy. 7. high dental anxiety
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VAS | Every hour for the first 8 hours on the first day of the operation, and three times a day on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 7th days | Visual analogue scale (VAS) was assessed to monitor the degree of pain.VAS is a scale that rates pain severity from 0 to 10. (0 = no pain to 10 = severe pain), |
| NRS-101 | Every hour for the first 8 hours on the first day of the operation, and three times a day on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 7th days | 101-point numeric rate scale (NRS-101) was assessed to monitor the degree of pain. NRS-101 is a 101-point numerical ratio scale that rates pain severity from 0 to 100. (0 = no pain to 100 = severe pain), |
| Swelling | Patients were evaluated for swelling on the preoperative, the1st, 2nd, and 7th days after the operation | Linear measurements were taken for swelling with a millimeter tape measure. Measurements were made between the angle of the mandible and the mentus, labial commissure, nasal ala, outer corner of the eye and tragus. The average of these five measurements was noted. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Discomfort | It was evaluated for discomfort on the 1st, 2nd, and 7th days after the operation | In the evaluation of discomfort, the four-point verbal rating scale (VRS-4) and a questionnaire questioning patient comfort were used. The questionnaire was scored with this four-point scoring system (Pain in this scoring: 1) none, 2) mild, 3) moderate, 4) severe). |
| Trismus | It was evaluated for trismus on the preoperative, the 1st, 2nd, and 7th days after the operation | For trismus evaluation, mouth opening was measured using a millimetric ruler by measuring the distance between the mesial-incisal corners of the upper right and lower right central incisors at the maximum jaw opening while the patient was sitting upright. |
| General satisfaction | 14th day after operation | On the day of removing suture, the patients' general satisfaction levels were measured with a 5-point scale ( 1) poor, 2) reasonable, 3) good, 4) very good and 5) excellent). |
| Analgesics consumed | The number of analgesics used each day during the first 7 days was noted by the patient in the pain diary | The number of analgesics used was noted by the patient in the pain diary. |
| Chewing efficiency | It was evaluated for chewing efficiency on the 1st, 2nd, and 7th days after the operation | Chewing efficiency was scored by the patients as 1) very poor, 2) poor, 3) good, 4) very good and 5) excellent. |
| Healing of operation area | It was evaluated for healing of operation area on the 1st, 2nd, and 7th days after the operation | Healing at the operative site in terms of infection was scored by clinician as follows: 1) very poor, 2) poor, 3) good, 4) very good, and 5) excellent healing |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed