Periodontitis, Smoking
Conditions
Keywords
periodontitis, smoking, RANKL, OPG, TWEAK, SOST
Brief summary
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. Although periodontal disease is initiated by pathogens within the biofilm layer, disease development and tissue destruction occur as a result of the interaction of periodontal pathogens and the host immune response. It has been determined in the literature that smoking has a significant negative effect on periodontal tissues and increases the risk of periodontitis by 2-5 times. It has been shown that there is a relationship between smoking and the incidence and progression of periodontitis. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been explained. In this study, the effect of smoking on the levels of sclerostin (SOST), tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which are effective in bone metabolism, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva will be evaluated. Participants in the study were in accordance with the 2017 World Workshop on Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions criteria as a result of clinical evaluations systemically healthy, non-smokers diagnosed with stage 2, 3 and/or 4 periodontitis (Group 1) (n=26); systemically healthy, diagnosed with stage 2, 3 and/or 4 periodontitis and smokers (Group 2) (n=26); systemically and periodontally healthy, non-smokers (Group 3-Control Group) (n=26). Clinical periodontal indixes will be obtained from participants meeting the inclusion criteria; GCF and saliva samples will be collected. The samples will be examined by ELISA test at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTGCF and saliva analysis
ELISA
Sponsors
Gazi University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Study participants have no history of periodontal therapy or drug therapy for at least 6 months.
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnancy, lactation, during orthodontic treatment and systemic conditions related to bone metabolism, diabetes were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque index (Silness & Löe ) | Clinical periodontal indices were recorded at the participants' first visit. | This index ascertains the thickness of plaque along the gingival margin. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3. The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and divided by four for each tooth score. When creating the whole mouth score, the arithmatic average of all tooth scores was taken. |
| Gingival index (Löe & Silness) | Clinical periodontal indices were recorded at the participants' first visit. | Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3. The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and divided by four for each tooth score. When creating the whole mouth score, the arithmatic average of all tooth scores was taken. |
| Probing depth | Clinical periodontal indices were recorded at the participants' first visit. | Probing depth is the distance from the gingival margin to the apical portion of the gingival sulcus. The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and divided by four for each tooth score. It is recorded as mm. When creating the whole mouth score, the arithmatic average of all tooth scores was taken. |
| Attachment loss | Clinical periodontal indices were recorded at the participants' first visit. | The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and divided by four for each tooth score. It is recorded as mm. When creating the whole mouth score, the arithmatic average of all tooth scores was taken. |
| Bleeding on probing | Clinical periodontal indices were recorded at the participants' first visit. | All four surfaces of all teeth are assessed with regard to whether probing elicits bleeding (+) or not (-).It is recorded as a percentage by umber of bleeding sites is number of sites evaluated and multiplying by one hundred. |
| Determination of GCF and Saliva SOST level | 1 month after all saliva and gingival crevicular fluid samples of the participants were collected between 01.12.2021-30.09.2022, SOST, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG levels were examined by ELISA method. | Determination of SOST levels by ELISA method. It is recorded as pg/ml. |
| Determination of GCF and Saliva TWEAK level | 1 month after all saliva and gingival crevicular fluid samples of the participants were collected between 01.12.2021-30.09.2022, SOST, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG levels were examined by ELISA method. | Determination of TWEAK levels by ELISA method. It is recorded as mg/l. |
| Determination of GCF RANKL level | 1 month after all saliva and gingival crevicular fluid samples of the participants were collected between 01.12.2021-30.09.2022, SOST, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG levels were examined by ELISA method. | Determination of RANKL levels by ELISA method. It is recorded as pg/ml. |
| Determination of GCF OPG level | 1 month after all saliva and gingival crevicular fluid samples of the participants were collected between 01.12.2021-30.09.2022, SOST, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG levels were examined by ELISA method. | Determination of OPG levels by ELISA method. It is recorded as pg/ml. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed