Health Behavior
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this three-arm, pilot, randomized controlled trial is to examine the metabolic and behavioral impacts of consuming a diet characterized by protein from red meat, a meat analogue, or beans/legumes.
Interventions
OTHERBeef
Fresh, locally-sourced, grass-fed, grass-finished ground beef sufficient to meet protein needs based on body weight for 8 weeks
OTHERMeat analogue
Commercially-available and purchased meat analogue sufficient to meet protein needs based on body weight for 8 weeks
OTHERBeans/legumes
Canned beans/legumes sufficient to meet protein needs based on body weight for 8 weeks
Sponsors
Oklahoma State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18-55 years of age * Willingness to consume any of the three protein sources * Willingness to stop consumption of any pre- or pro-biotic supplements * Willingness to follow a meal plan for four weeks
Exclusion criteria
* Medical condition which precludes consumption of specific foods or whole food groups
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body weight | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | In kilograms |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting blood glucose | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | In mg/dL |
| Yale Food Addiction Scale | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | Continuous score = 0-7 (higher = more symptoms of food addiction) |
| Skin carotenoids | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | — |
| Blood pressure | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | Systolic and diastolic (mmHg) |
| Fasting lipid panels (i.e., total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides) | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | Total cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL (mg/dL), LDL (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL) |
| Behavioral Activation Scale Reward Responsiveness | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | Score ranges 5-20, higher scores indicate greater reward responsiveness |
| Ad-Libitum Ultra-Processed Food Consumption | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | Reported in weight of food consumed, greater than or equal to 0 grams |
| Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward Questionnaire (Reward Questions) | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | Score ranges 0-24, higher indicates greater sensitivity to reward |
| Dietary patterns (3-day diet records) | Baseline (week 0), T1 (week 4), T2 (week 8) | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed