LA-CEAL 4.0: Wearable Sensor Project

The proportion of days in concordance was calculated based on responses to two questions. The first question seeks to determine if participants accurately understand their biometric data and will ask how stressed are you today? (Scale 1-10 a score of 6+ was coded as high stress). The second question seeks to determine if participants attended to the information regarding their stress level and will ask did you complete a self-care activity today? (yes = 1 /no = 0). Concordance was coded when participants either a) reported a high level of stress and engaged in self-care or b) when participants reported low levels of stress and did not engage in self-care. Percentage of days in concordance was calculated for both 21-day feedback periods (immediate versus delayed).

Time frame: 6 weeks

Population: Cross-over design. 71 participants were monitored during both immediate and delayed information periods.

The investigators measured the change in the burnout score in all participants between baseline and 6 weeks follow-up. Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) is a 22-item survey that covers 3 areas: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and low sense of Personal Accomplishment (PA). Each subscale includes multiple questions with frequency rating choices of Never (0), A few times a year or less, Once a month or less, A few times a month, Once a week, A few times a week, or Every day (6). The total score is calculated by summing the three sub-scales and ranges from 0-132 with high scores reflecting higher symptoms of burnout and low scores reflecting fewer symptoms of burnout.

Time frame: Baseline - 6 weeks

Population: 57 participants responded to the burnout scale on baseline and 6 weeks follow-up assessment. For this outcome measure, the burnout scale was given at baseline and at 6 weeks follow up, it was not reassessed at crossover, so the investigators didn't calculate the scale for the conditions assessed for each arm to be reported separately.

The investigators compared the mean in total anxiety score of immediate then delayed arm to delayed then immediate arm. The score is a 2-item anxiety screener (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale- revised). The range is from 0 to 6. The high scores reflect higher symptoms of anxiety, and low scores reflect fewer symptoms of anxiety.

Time frame: Baseline - 6 weeks

Population: 74 participants responded to the anxiety question at baseline and 6 weeks follow-up assessments. For this outcome measure, the total anxiety score was given at baseline and at 6 weeks follow up, it was not reassessed at crossover, so the investigators didn't calculate the score for the conditions assessed for each arm to be reported separately.

The investigators measured the mean in the total burnout score of the immediate then delayed arm to the delayed then immediate arm. Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) is a 22-item survey that covers 3 areas: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and low sense of Personal Accomplishment (PA). Each subscale includes multiple questions with frequency rating choices of Never (0), A few times a year or less, Once a month or less, A few times a month, Once a week, A few times a week, or Every day (6). The total score is calculated by summing the three sub-scales and ranges from 0-132 with high scores reflecting higher symptoms of burnout and low scores reflecting fewer symptoms of burnout.

Time frame: Baseline - 6 weeks

Population: 57 participants responded to the burnout scale on baseline and 6 weeks follow-up assessment. For this outcome measure, the total burnout score was given at baseline and at 6 weeks follow up, it was not reassessed at crossover, so the investigators didn't calculate the score for the conditions assessed for each arm to be reported separately.

The investigators compared the mean in total depression score of immediate then delayed arm to delayed then immediate arm. The score is a 2-item depression screener (Patient Health Questionnaire-revised). The range is from 0 to 6. The high scores reflect higher symptoms of depression, and low scores reflect fewer symptoms of depression.

Time frame: Baseline - 6 weeks

Population: 74 participants responded to the depression questionnaire at both baseline and 6 weeks follow-up. For this outcome measure, the depression score was given at baseline and at 6 weeks follow up, it was not reassessed at crossover, so the investigators didn't calculate the score for the conditions assessed for each arm to be reported separately.

The investigators compared the mean in total resilience score of immediate then delayed arm to delayed then immediate arm. The score is a 4-item brief resilient coping scale. The range is from 4 to 20. The high scores reflect higher resilience, and low scores reflect lower resilience.

Time frame: Baseline - 6 weeks

Population: 73 participants responded to the resilience questions on baseline and 6 weeks follow-up assessments. For this outcome measure, the total resilience score was given at baseline and at 6 weeks follow up, it was not reassessed at crossover, so the investigators didn't calculate the score for the conditions assessed for each arm to be reported separately.

Activity level was measured by number of steps and distance measured by the wearable sensors. Higher scores reflect more activity while lower scores reflect less activity. An average of the daily activity level scores was calculated for each information period. Biostrap company calculated the activity score using the activity distribution over the course of a 24-hour window, emphasizing consistent physical activity of 500 steps per hour during 12 unique hours. There are no scale ranges for this activity score.

Time frame: 6 weeks

Population: Cross-over design. 69 participants monitored in both immediate and delayed information periods.

The investigators measured the change in the participant sleep efficiency score in all participants between the 2 conditions to compare the difference across the conditions. Sleep efficiency score is measured via the wearable sensor. It is comprised of the following information: sleep duration (end-start), minutes in light sleep, minutes in deep sleep, stages of sleep (e.g. REM), arousal count. The range is from 0 to 100. Higher sleep efficiency scores reflect better quality sleep. Low sleep efficiency scores reflect poor quality of sleep

Time frame: 6 weeks

Population: Cross-over design. 69 participants monitored during both immediate and delayed information periods.

Heart rate is measured as beats per minute and was recorded by the wearable sensor. High values reflect faster pulse while lower values reflect lower pulse. Normal ranges for resting adult heart rate is 60 to 100. Higher heart rate is a proxy measure for stress and anxiety. An average heart rate was calculated for each information period.

Time frame: 6 weeks

Population: Cross-over design. 71 participants monitored in both immediate and delayed information periods.

HRV was calculated using root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) using beats per minute recorded via the wearable sensor. HRV scale is 0-255. Normal scores depend on age and sex. HRV is used as a proxy measure of stress and cardiovascular health. An average HRV was calculated for each information period.

Time frame: 6 weeks

Population: Cross-over design. 71 participants monitored in both immediate and delayed information periods.

Respiratory rate was measured as breathing rate per minute and was recorded via the wearable sensor. Higher values reflect faster breathing which is a proxy measure of stress while lower values reflect slower breathing. An average respiratory rate was calculated for each information period.

Time frame: 6 weeks

Population: Cross-over design. 71 participants monitored in both immediate and delayed information periods.