Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
attention
Brief summary
In this line of research, the researchers are examining whether performance on a cued attentional suppression (ignoring) task is related to performance on a learned attentional suppression task. In addition, these measures are related to the capacity of working memory and every day inattentive traits.
Detailed description
This is a behavioral study. The researchers will measures performance on multiple tasks. 1) a cued attentional suppression task, where participants are told the color of the item they are supposed to ignore on each trial. 2) a learned attentional suppression task, where participants learn over experience that a particular color is not the target. 3) a visual working memory capacity measurement 4) an inattentive trait report task, where participants report their experiences of inattention during their daily lives.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALBehavioral Measurement and self-report
Measurements of behavioral performance and self-report
Sponsors
Lehigh University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Within-subjects measures, correlational analysis
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, normal color vision
Exclusion criteria
* age
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Button Press Reaction Time | 1 day | Reaction times on visual search task with positive, negative, and neutral cues |
| Learned Suppression Task | 1 day | Reaction times on visual search task no salient distractor and learned salient distractor |
| Visual Working Memory Capacity | 1 day | Visual Working Memory Capacity- Change Localization; Estimate of number of items maintained in working memory |
| Inattentive Traits Subscale of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self Report Scale | 1 day | Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self Report Scale (used on healthy adults), Inattentive Traits subscale. Higher values indicate more ADHD-like inattentive trait symptoms (0-45). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Attention and Working Memory Tests All participants will complete a series of behavioral tasks, including cued visual search with positive (target color), negative (distractor color) and neutral (baseline) cues, learned visual search with a repeated salient distractor color, a visual working memory capacity task, and a daily life inattentive traits questionnaire (self-report). Single Arm.
Behavioral Measurement and self-report: Measurements of behavioral performance and self-report | 75 |
| Total | 75 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | missing data in one condition, participant failed to fill out all data forms | 9 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Attention and Working Memory Tests |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 19.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.15 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 8 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 56 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 75 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 42 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 33 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 75 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 1 / 75 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 75 |
Outcome results
Primary
Button Press Reaction Time
Reaction times on visual search task with positive, negative, and neutral cues
Time frame: 1 day
Population: 21 participants were excluded for either bad accuracy in one of the cognitive tasks (n = 11) or for incomplete data recording (n = 10).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Button Press Reaction Time | Neutral Condition | 1.86 Seconds | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Button Press Reaction Time | Negative Condition | 1.53 Seconds | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Button Press Reaction Time | Positive Condition | 1.29 Seconds | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
Comparison: Comparing Cued Suppression Task; Positive, Negative, and Neutral Cue condtionsp-value: <0.001ANOVA
Primary
Inattentive Traits Subscale of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self Report Scale
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self Report Scale (used on healthy adults), Inattentive Traits subscale. Higher values indicate more ADHD-like inattentive trait symptoms (0-45).
Time frame: 1 day
Population: 21 participants were excluded for either bad accuracy in one of the cognitive tasks (n = 11) or for incomplete data recording (n = 10).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Inattentive Traits Subscale of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self Report Scale | 18.1 units on scale | Standard Deviation 5.4 |
Comparison: Correlation of Inattentive Traits subscale and learned suppression (difference in RT between target absent and target present trials)p-value: 0.04695% CI: [-0.5015, -0.002414]correlation
Primary
Learned Suppression Task
Reaction times on visual search task no salient distractor and learned salient distractor
Time frame: 1 day
Population: 21 participants were excluded for either bad accuracy in one of the cognitive tasks (n = 11) or for incomplete data recording (n = 10).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Learned Suppression Task | Singleton Absent condition | 1.014 Reaction time (seconds) | Standard Deviation 0.315 |
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Learned Suppression Task | Singleton Present condition | 1.001 Reaction time (seconds) | Standard Deviation 0.294 |
Comparison: Comparing performance on target absent and target present trialsp-value: 0.08t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Visual Working Memory Capacity
Visual Working Memory Capacity- Change Localization; Estimate of number of items maintained in working memory
Time frame: 1 day
Population: 21 participants were excluded for either bad accuracy in one of the cognitive tasks (n = 11) or for incomplete data recording (n = 10).
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Attention and Working Memory Tests | Visual Working Memory Capacity | 2.85 Number of items remembered | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
Comparison: Relationship between Cued Attention Negative Cue Benefit (Neutral Cue RT- Negative Cue RT) and working memory capacity.p-value: 0.00795% CI: [-0.5803, -0.1135]correlation