Type 1 Diabetes
Conditions
Keywords
Pediatric, Diabetes Technology, Disparities
Brief summary
Black/African American children and young adults with type 1 diabetes are less likely to use diabetes technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and automated insulin delivery systems, compared to White children and young adults. The investigators are working to find ways to make sure that all patients with type 1 diabetes are equally able to use these technologies. The purpose of this study is to find out if a new computer program for the diabetes team, along with a smartphone app (called Glucosano) for patients/parents, as well as a community health worker, are accepted and used by Black/African American patients and parents living with type 1 diabetes, and if this can help decrease racial disparities in the use of diabetes technologies.
Interventions
OTHERGlucosano
Glucosano is a remote patient monitoring diabetes dashboard with a patient facing Smartphone application
BEHAVIORALCommunity Health Worker diabetes technology coach
Community Health Workers will work with participants as a diabetes technology coach during scheduled and as needed visits
Sponsors
Sarah MacLeish
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
KeborMed
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
8 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Self-reported as Non-Hispanic Black * Clinical diagnosis of T1D requiring treatment with insulin at the time of consent * Not currently (within the past 3 months) using an automated insulin delivery system \\ * Willingness to wear a continuous glucose monitor for 10 days at 3 different time points, and willingness to consider use of a personal continuous glucose monitor
Exclusion criteria
* Clinical diagnosis of Type 2 or monogenic diabetes * Completed high school * Non-English speaking guardians * Automated insulin delivery system use within the past 3 months * Custody of children and family services
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Change in percentage of participants who start on automated insulin delivery (AID) as measured by medical records review | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months |
| Change in percentage of participants who remain on AID as measured by medical record review | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in patient endorsement of intervention as measured by the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) | 3 months and 12 months | 4 item measure of acceptability using 5 point Likert scale, where 1 is completely disagree and 5 is completely agree |
| Change in patient endorsement of intervention as measured by Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) | 3 months and 12 months | 4 item measure of feasibility using 5 point Likert scale, where 1 is completely disagree and 5 is completely agree |
| Change in patient endorsement of intervention as measured by Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) | 3 months and 12 months | 4 item measure of appropriateness using 5 point Likert scale, where 1 is completely disagree and 5 is completely agree |
| Number of times patient reached out to team as measured by medical record review | Up to 12 months | — |
| Number of automatically generated alerts as measured by dashboard/app review | Up to 12 months | — |
| Number of times a physician or diabetes nurse interacted with patient as measured by dashboard review | Up to 12 months | — |
| Number of alerts as measured by dashboard review | Up to 12 months | — |
| Number of phone calls initiated by patients as measured by dashboard review | Up to 12 months | — |
| Number of downloads of the app | Up to 12 months | — |
| Number of days of patient/family use interaction with the app as measured by dashboard review | Up to 12 months | — |
| Change in percentage of participants using continuous glucose monitor (CGM) with at least 80% wear time as measured by CGM data | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months | — |
| Change in percentage of CGM wear time as measured by CGM data | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months | — |
| Change in percentage of participants using an insulin pump as measured by chart review | Baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months | — |
| Change in capillary HbA1c | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months | — |
| Change in time in range as measured by continuous glucose monitoring | 4 weeks, 6 months, 12 months | Time in range is time glucose is between 70-180 mg/dL |
| Change in time glucose is <70 mg/dL as measured by continuous glucose monitoring | 4 weeks, 6 months, 12 months | — |
| Change in time glucose >250 mg/dL as measured by continuous glucose monitoring | 4 weeks, 6 months, 12 months | — |
| Psychosocial functioning of children/adolescents, as measured by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire given to parents | Baseline | 25-item questionnaire using a 3-point Likert scale, with one being not true and 3 being certainly true |
| Change in diabetes family conflict, as measured by the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale | 4 weeks, 12 months | 19-item questionnaire using 3-point Likert scale, where 1 is almost never and 3 is almost always |
| Change in child/adolescent quality of life, as measured by PedsQL Type 1 diabetes module by parent-proxy | 4 weeks, 12 months | 28-item questionnaire using 5-point Likert scale, where 0 is almost never a problem and 4 is almost always a problem |
| Change in parental burden related to diabetes, as measured by Problem Areas in Pediatric Diabetes - Parent Revised Version | 4 weeks, 12 months | 18-item questionnaire using 5-point Likert scale, where 0 is agree and 4 is disagree |
| Change in medical distrust, as measured by the Group Based Medical Distrust Scale | Baseline, 12 months | 12-item questionnaire using 5 point Likert scale, where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree |
| Change personal frequency of discrimination in healthcare, as measured by the Racism in Healthcare Index | Baseline, 12 months | 7-item questionnaire regarding frequency of discrimination in healthcare ranging from never to 4 times or more in a lifetime |
| Change in perceptions of racism in healthcare, as measured by the Racism in Healthcare Index | Baseline, 12 months | 4-item questionnaire using 5 point Likert scale where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree |
| Change in diabetes specific attitudes towards technology as measured by the Diabetes Specific Technology Attitudes Scale | Baseline, 12 months | 5-item questionnaire using 5 point Likert scale, where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree |
| Change in barriers to technology as measured by Barriers to Technology Checklist | Baseline, 12 months | 19-item yes/no questionnaire |
| CGM satisfaction as measured by the CGM satisfaction scale | 12 months | 37-item questionnaire using 5-point Likert scale, where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree |
| Change in diabetes management self-efficacy as measured by the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management scale short version | 4 weeks, 12 months | 10-item questionnaire using 6-point Likert scale, where 1 is "very sure I can't" and 6 is "very sure I can" |
| Benefits and Burdens of CGM as measured by Benefits and Burdens of CGM scale | 12 months | 16-item questionnaire using 5-point Likert scale, where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 is strongly agree |
| Episodes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis as measured by chart review | up to 12 months | DKA defined as presence of all of the following: 1) blood glucose greater than 250 mg/dL, 2) pH less than 7.3 OR bicarbonate less 15 mEq/L, 3)Moderate or large ketones in urine OR blood ketone \>3 mmol/L, 4) Requiring treatment within a health care facility. |
| Episodes of severe hypoglycemia as measured by chart review | up to 12 months | Unconscious or having a seizure due to hypoglycemia |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed