Acquired Brain Injury, Muscle Weakness, Older People--Abuse of, Physical Inactivity, Respiratory Disease
Conditions
Brief summary
Background: Respiratory health problems are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in adult people with acquired brain injury (ABI). The influence of respiratory muscle training has not yet been studied in this population group. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two protocols with respiratory muscle training, inspiratory muscle training vs expiratory muscle training, to improve respiratory strength and pulmonary function in adults with CP. Methods: The study is a controlled, randomised, double-blind trial and with allocation concealment. 26 ABI patients will be recruited and randomly distributed in the inspiratory muscle training group (IMT) and the expiratory muscle training group (EMT). Over an 8-week period an IMT or EMT protocol was followed 5 days/week, 5 series of 1-minute with 1-minute rest between them. IMT trained with a load of 50% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and EMT with 50% of the maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Respiratory strength and pulmonary function were evaluated.
Interventions
DEVICEInspiratory muscle training
Respiratory training, performed through IMT, was carried out with a pressure threshold device (Treshold IMT, Philips-Respironics, Pittsburg, PA, USA). Threshold IMT offers a constant and specific pressure for strength and endurance training of the respiratory muscles, regardless of the strength or speed with which patient breathes. A flow-independent one-way valve ensures constant resistance and allows you to specifically adjust workload (in cmH2O). The training must be supervised by a healthcare professional. During the inspiration, a spring-loaded valve resists to stimulate the training of the respiratory muscles. Before training began, the participants and primary caregivers completed one-session familiarization with a specialist to know the operation of the device. Adult people with acquired brain injury carried out the training program for 8 weeks, 1 session every day, 5 days a week. The participants performed 5 series of 1 minute with 1-minute rest between them.
Respiratory training, performed through PEP, was carried out with a pressure threshold device (Treshold PEP, Philips-Respironics, Pittsburg, PA, USA). Threshold PEP offers a constant and specific pressure for strength and endurance training of the respiratory muscles, regardless of the strength or speed with which patient breathes. A flow-independent one-way valve ensures constant resistance and allows you to specifically adjust workload (in cmH2O). The training must be supervised by a healthcare professional. During the expiration, a spring-loaded valve resists to stimulate the training of the respiratory muscles. Before training began, the participants and primary caregivers completed one-session familiarization with a specialist to know the operation of the device. Adult people with acquired brain injury carried out the training program for 8 weeks, 1 session every day, 5 days a week. The participants performed 5 series of 1 minute with 1-minute rest between them.
Sponsors
University of Salamanca
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Masking description
The professional that collected the data and the participants were unaware of group assignment.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Belong to ASDACE. * Sign the Informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
The presence of a respiratory disease in the previous month, inability to understand assessment tests or intervention or hemodynamic alterations (heart rate \> 150 beats per minute (bpm), systolic blood pressure \> 140 millimeters mercury (mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure \> 90 mmHg).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Inspiratory muscle strength | 8 weeks. | It was measured using the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) with a pressure measurer (Elka PM-15, Laboliser, S.A., Barcelona, Spain), from residual volume and total lung capacity. Unit of measure, centimeter of water (cmH2O). |
| Expiratory muscle strength | 8 weeks. | It was measured using the maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) with a pressure measurer (Elka PM-15, Laboliser, S.A., Barcelona, Spain), from residual volume and total lung capacity. Unit of measure, centimeter of water (cmH2O). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary volume. | 8 weeks. | Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). It was measured using the peak flow device (Asma-1, Vitalograph Ltd, Buckingham, England). Unit of measure, liters (L). |
| Pulmonary flow. | 8 weeks. | Peak expiratory flow (PEF). It was measured using the peak flow device (Asma-1, Vitalograph Ltd, Buckingham, England). Unit of measure, liters per minute (L/min). |
Contacts
Primary ContactCARLOS MARTIN SANCHEZ, PHD
Outcome results
None listed