Harm Reduction
Conditions
Brief summary
The overall objective of this study is to use behavioral economics interventions to increase naloxone acquisition and carrying among participants who attend an opioid overdose reversal training.
Detailed description
This study aims to use behavioral economics interventions to increase naloxone acquisition and carrying among participants who attend opioid overdose reversal training. The study consists of two distinct randomized controlled trials (Aim 2 and Aim 3) and has three primary objectives: Aim 1: To diagnose behavioral bottlenecks to naloxone acquisition and carrying. This aim involves analyzing data from naloxone training sessions to identify barriers to acquiring and carrying naloxone. These barriers will be mapped to cognitive biases, such as optimism bias and overconfidence, and will inform the behavioral interventions in Aims 2 and 3. Aim 2: To test the impact of a behavioral economics intervention on naloxone acquisition. This aim involves a randomized controlled trial with 60 participants. The intervention group will receive commitment pledges, acquisition plans, and tailored text message nudges to increase naloxone acquisition within one week of training. The control group will receive standard training. The primary endpoint is the time it takes for participants to acquire naloxone post-training. Aim 3: To test the impact of a text nudge intervention on naloxone carrying. This aim also involves a randomized controlled trial, where all participants receive naloxone at the training. The intervention group will receive tailored text message nudges to encourage consistent naloxone carrying. The control group (n=30) will not receive these nudges. The primary endpoint is the consistency of naloxone carrying post-training.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALText message nudges
Fourteen text message nudges, tailored to address specific barriers and concerns regarding naloxone acquisition and carrying. These barriers were identified using qualitative interviews conducted by the authors in prior studies. Examples included: optimism bias (e.g., beliefs that participants were unlikely to encounter someone who had overdosed in their daily lives), and identity bias (e.g., beliefs that participants were not the type of people who could save a life).
BEHAVIORALCommitment contract
In addition to the training, participants in the third arm were asked to sign commitment contracts, which had language in which they committed to carrying/acquiring naloxone.
Sponsors
University of Pennsylvania
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Living in the Philadelphia area * Attended the study naloxone training.
Exclusion criteria
* Unable to consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone carrying | Proportion of successful naloxone check-ins at 14 random time points over a 4 week period post-intervention. | Assessed by photo documentation via text message. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed